Multiple Phase 1, Phase 1/2, and Phase 2 clinical trials evaluate SN-38 and its prodrug or conjugated formulations across various oncology indications, including advanced solid tumors, metastatic triple-negative and HR+/HER2- breast cancers, urothelial carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and lymphoma. Sponsored by organizations such as Gilead Sciences, Enzon Pharmaceuticals, TaiRx Inc., and the National Cancer Institute, these studies encompass recruitment statuses ranging from actively recruiting and active not recruiting to completed and withdrawn.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06986811 | RECRUITING | Locally Resectable Paediatric Tumours |
CEBIOTEX |
2025-05-06 | PHASE2 |
| NCT04251416 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Endometrial Carcinoma |
Yale University |
2020-03-17 | PHASE2 |
| NCT06123468 | COMPLETED | Esophagogastric Adenocarcinoma |
Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF GmbH at Krankenhaus Nordwest |
2024-04-17 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT04619056 | COMPLETED | Locally Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Recurrent Soft Tissue Sarcoma |
CEBIOTEX |
2020-06-03 | PHASE1 |
| NCT06143774 | Recruiting | Advanced Solid Tumor |
TaiRx Inc. |
2023-10-31 | Phase 1 |
| NCT05101096 | Recruiting | Advanced Solid Tumor|Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer|HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer|Metastatic Urothelial Cancer |
Gilead Sciences |
2021-10-20 | Phase 1|Phase 2 |
| NCT05119907 | Recruiting | Solid Tumor |
Gilead Sciences |
2021-10-12 | Phase 2 |
| NCT04866641 | Recruiting | Advanced Solid Tumor |
Taivex Therapeutics Corporation |
2021-06-24 | Phase 1 |
| NCT04617522 | Recruiting | Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumor|Liver Failure |
Gilead Sciences |
2021-04-06 | Phase 1 |
| NCT03824899 | UNKNOWN | Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer |
Fudan University |
2018-10-10 | |
| NCT01915472 | WITHDRAWN | Metastatic Colorectal Cancer |
Gilead Sciences |
2013-09 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01634555 | COMPLETED | Solid Tumors |
Eli Lilly and Company |
2012-10 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00931840 | UNKNOWN | Metastatic Colorectal Cancer |
Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
2009-06 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00311610 | COMPLETED | Colorectal Cancer |
Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology |
2006-01 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00520390 | COMPLETED | Lymphoma; Advanced Solid Tumors |
Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
2007-05 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01251926 | COMPLETED | Neoplasms |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2010-11-15 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00520637 | COMPLETED | Advanced Solid Tumors; Lymphoma |
Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
2007-05 | PHASE1 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2025-05-31)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).
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- SN-38 Stock Solution
- SN-38 Storage
- SN-38 Stability
- SN-38 Combination Database
- SN-38 Molecular Weight
- SN-38 SMILES
- SN-38 CAS Number
- SN-38 Chemical Structure (2D and 3D)
- SN-38 IC50 for Cell-based and Cell-free Assays
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- SN-38 SDS|MSDS