Clinical Trials

Multiple Phase 1, Phase 1/2, and Phase 2 clinical trials evaluate SN-38 and its prodrug or conjugated formulations across various oncology indications, including advanced solid tumors, metastatic triple-negative and HR+/HER2- breast cancers, urothelial carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and lymphoma. Sponsored by organizations such as Gilead Sciences, Enzon Pharmaceuticals, TaiRx Inc., and the National Cancer Institute, these studies encompass recruitment statuses ranging from actively recruiting and active not recruiting to completed and withdrawn.

NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT06986811 RECRUITING
Locally Resectable Paediatric Tumours
CEBIOTEX
2025-05-06 PHASE2
NCT04251416 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Endometrial Carcinoma
Yale University
2020-03-17 PHASE2
NCT06123468 COMPLETED
Esophagogastric Adenocarcinoma
Institut für Klinische Krebsforschung IKF GmbH at Krankenhaus Nordwest
2024-04-17 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT04619056 COMPLETED
Locally Advanced Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Recurrent Soft Tissue Sarcoma
CEBIOTEX
2020-06-03 PHASE1
NCT06143774 Recruiting
Advanced Solid Tumor
TaiRx Inc.
2023-10-31 Phase 1
NCT05101096 Recruiting
Advanced Solid Tumor|Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer|HR+/HER2- Metastatic Breast Cancer|Metastatic Urothelial Cancer
Gilead Sciences
2021-10-20 Phase 1|Phase 2
NCT05119907 Recruiting
Solid Tumor
Gilead Sciences
2021-10-12 Phase 2
NCT04866641 Recruiting
Advanced Solid Tumor
Taivex Therapeutics Corporation
2021-06-24 Phase 1
NCT04617522 Recruiting
Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumor|Liver Failure
Gilead Sciences
2021-04-06 Phase 1
NCT03824899 UNKNOWN
Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Fudan University
2018-10-10
NCT01915472 WITHDRAWN
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Gilead Sciences
2013-09 PHASE2
NCT01634555 COMPLETED
Solid Tumors
Eli Lilly and Company
2012-10 PHASE2
NCT00931840 UNKNOWN
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
2009-06 PHASE2
NCT00311610 COMPLETED
Colorectal Cancer
Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology
2006-01 PHASE2
NCT00520390 COMPLETED
Lymphoma; Advanced Solid Tumors
Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
2007-05 PHASE1
NCT01251926 COMPLETED
Neoplasms
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
2010-11-15 PHASE1
NCT00520637 COMPLETED
Advanced Solid Tumors; Lymphoma
Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
2007-05 PHASE1

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2025-05-31)

Check the SN-38 product page for in-depth specifications, including solubility, stock solutions, MOA, and working concentrations.

Compliance for Clinical Use

Mechanism and Biochemical Profile

SN-38 selectively binds to and inhibits DNA topoisomerase I, preventing the religation of single-stranded DNA breaks during replication to induce double-strand break formation, autophagy, and cell death. This persistent inhibition of DNA synthesis and cellular proliferation underlies its therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials for advanced solid tumors, breast cancers, and colorectal malignancies.

Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards

Quality Dimension RUO (Research Use Only) cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)
Clinical Applicability Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies.
Regulatory Status Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA).
Facility Environment Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring.
Quality Control Basic purity and activity testing. Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma).
Process Validation Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records.
Quality Assurance Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits.
Regulatory Impact High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF).

Footnotes

Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).

Note: Technical data last updated: Sep 1, 2026.