Clinical Trials

Multiple clinical trials spanning Phase I, Phase II, and Phase III evaluate bardoxolone methyl across completed, withdrawn, and terminated statuses. Sponsored by industry partners like Biogen and Kyowa Kirin alongside academic institutions such as NYU Langone Health, this research targets renal, metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory conditions, in addition to pharmacokinetic assessments in healthy volunteers. Together, these trials reflect an extensive clinical evaluation of the compound's therapeutic potential.

NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT03749447 TERMINATED
Chronic Kidney Diseases; Alport Syndrome; Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney
Biogen
2019-03-08 PHASE3
NCT03918447 TERMINATED
Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney; ADPKD
Biogen
2019-05-29 PHASE3
NCT03550443 TERMINATED
Diabetic Kidney Disease
Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.
2018-05-30 PHASE3
NCT04702997 COMPLETED
Chronic Kidney Diseases
Biogen
2021-02-09 PHASE2
NCT04494646 COMPLETED
Covid19
NYU Langone Health
2020-09-08 PHASE2
NCT03019185 COMPLETED
Alport Syndrome
Biogen
2017-03-02 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT03068130 TERMINATED
Pulmonary Hypertension
Biogen
2017-04-18 PHASE3
NCT04018339 COMPLETED
Obese Adult Male
Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.
2019-08-20 PHASE1
NCT02657356 TERMINATED
Connective Tissue Disease-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Biogen
2016-10-04 PHASE3
NCT04023903 COMPLETED
Healthy Subject
Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.
2019-04-04 PHASE1
NCT03366337 COMPLETED
IgA Nephropathy; CKD Associated With Type 1 Diabetes; Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis; Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney
Biogen
2017-12-26 PHASE2
NCT02036970 COMPLETED
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Pulmonary Hypertension; Interstitial Lung Disease; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Sarcoidosis; Respiratory Bronchiolitis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease; Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia; Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia; Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis; Idiopathic Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia; Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis
Biogen
2014-05-31 PHASE2
NCT03264079 COMPLETED
Healthy Volunteers
Biogen
2017-10-16 PHASE1
NCT02316821 Completed
Chronic Kidney Disease|Type 2 Diabetes
Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd.
2014-12 Phase 2
NCT02036970 Completed
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension|Pulmonary Hypertension|Interstitial Lung Disease|Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonia|Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis|Sarcoidosis|Respiratory Bronchiolitis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease|Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia|Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia|Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis|Idiopathic Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia|Idiopathic Pleuroparenchymal Fibroelastosis
Reata a wholly owned subsidiary of Biogen|Biogen
2014-05-31 Phase 2
NCT01551446 WITHDRAWN
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Biogen
2012-04-30 PHASE1
NCT01563562 COMPLETED
Hepatic Impairment; Healthy
Biogen
2012-04-30 PHASE1
NCT01549769 TERMINATED
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Biogen
2012-04-30 PHASE1
NCT01689116 COMPLETED
Healthy Volunteers
Biogen
2012-08-31 PHASE1
NCT01500798 TERMINATED
Chronic Kidney Disease; Type 2 Diabetes
Biogen
2012-01-31 PHASE1
NCT01655186 WITHDRAWN
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Biogen
2012-09-30 PHASE2
NCT01576887 WITHDRAWN
End-Stage Renal Disease; Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Biogen
2012-07-31 PHASE2
NCT01351675 TERMINATED
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Biogen
2011-06-30 PHASE3
NCT01598363 COMPLETED
Healthy Volunteers
Biogen
2012-06-30 PHASE1
NCT01598363 Completed
Healthy Volunteers
Reata a wholly owned subsidiary of Biogen|Biogen
2012-06-30 Phase 1
NCT01551446 Withdrawn
Renal Insufficiency Chronic|Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Reata a wholly owned subsidiary of Biogen|Biogen
2012-04-30 Phase 1
NCT01461161 COMPLETED
Healthy Volunteers
Biogen
2011-10-31 PHASE1
NCT01503866 COMPLETED
Healthy
Biogen
2011-12-01 PHASE1
NCT01503866 Completed
Healthy
Reata a wholly owned subsidiary of Biogen|Biogen
2011-12-01 Phase 1
NCT01053936 COMPLETED
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Biogen
2010-01-31 PHASE2
NCT00811889 COMPLETED
Chronic Kidney Disease; Type 2 Diabetes; Diabetic Nephropathy
Biogen
2009-04-30 PHASE2
NCT00529113 TERMINATED
Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pancreatic Cancer
Biogen
2007-09-30 PHASE1
NCT00664027 COMPLETED
Diabetic Nephropathy
Biogen
2008-04-30 PHASE2
NCT00529438 COMPLETED
Advanced Solid Tumors; Lymphoid Malignancies
Biogen
2006-04-30 PHASE1

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2025-06-03)

Check the Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402) product page for in-depth specifications, including solubility, stock solutions, MOA, and working concentrations.

Compliance for Clinical Use

Mechanism and Biochemical Profile

Bardoxolone methyl directly targets IκB kinase to inhibit downstream nuclear factor-κB signaling while simultaneously activating the Nrf2 pathway, thereby suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine transcription and preventing ferroptosis and oxidative cellular damage. By blunting inflammatory cascades and enhancing cytoprotective responses in renal and pulmonary tissues, this molecular mechanism mitigates pathological damage in conditions such as chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, and pulmonary arterial hypertension evaluated in clinical trials.

Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards

Quality Dimension RUO (Research Use Only) cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)
Clinical Applicability Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies.
Regulatory Status Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA).
Facility Environment Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring.
Quality Control Basic purity and activity testing. Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma).
Process Validation Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records.
Quality Assurance Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits.
Regulatory Impact High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF).

Footnotes

Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).

Note: Technical data last updated: Sep 1, 2026.