Clinical Trials

Numerous clinical trials evaluate the therapeutic breadth of liothyronine across multiple disciplines, including psychiatric disorders such as major depression and bipolar disorder, as well as solid tumors like breast and prostate cancers. Spanning Early Phase 1 through Phase 4, these studies encompass completed, active, recruiting, and terminated recruitment statuses. Research is sponsored by a wide range of entities, from academic medical institutions to global pharmaceutical companies.

NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT06608381 RECRUITING
Gastric Cancer
Gangnam Severance Hospital
 2024-06-26 PHASE3
NCT07346157 RECRUITING
Medulloblastoma; Medulloblastoma, Childhood; Medulloblastoma Recurrent
Sabine Mueller, MD, PhD
 2026-08-21 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT04725110 WITHDRAWN
Covid19; SARS-CoV Infection; ARDS; ARDS, Human
University of Minnesota
 2026-01-15 PHASE2
NCT03493425 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Stage III Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v6 and v7; Stage IVA Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma AJCC v7
ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group
 2019-03-12 PHASE2
NCT06736080 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Type 3 (FHL 3)
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
 2026-05 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT05682482 RECRUITING
Autoimmune Hypothyroidism
M. Medici
 2022-10-07 PHASE3
NCT04136886 RECRUITING
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Sun Yat-sen University
 2020-01-01 PHASE3
NCT07053410 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Orthodontic Retention Appliance; Clear Orthodontic Retainers
Essraa hassan Hussein Mohamed
 2025-07
NCT07424183 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Hypothyroidism Primary
University of Pennsylvania
 2026-11 PHASE2
NCT07675096 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome; Chronic Pain Following Surgical Procedure for Cancer
National Cancer Institute, Egypt
 2026-07-01
NCT04019678 RECRUITING
Breast Cancer
Istituto Clinico Humanitas
 2019-06-21
NCT05412225 RECRUITING
Breast Cancer; Invasive Breast Cancer
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
 2022-06-06 PHASE1
NCT06959056 RECRUITING
Lung Transplant; Pain
University Hospital, Gasthuisberg
 2026-01-04
NCT07691242 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Healthy Adult Volunteers
Daewon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
 2026-09 PHASE1
NCT04115514 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
ARDS, Human; Lung, Wet; Thyroid; Pulmonary Edema; Lung Inflammation
University of Minnesota
 2020-03-30 PHASE2
NCT05526079 TERMINATED
Rectal Cancer
Henry Ford Health System
 2018-07-10
NCT07197996 RECRUITING
Ischaemic Stroke
Firstkind Ltd
 2025-07-01
NCT04237545 COMPLETED
Edentulous Jaw
ZimVie
 2019-10-01
NCT05384847 COMPLETED
Heart Failure
Emory University
 2022-12-02 PHASE1
NCT06097416 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Rectal Cancer
St. James's Hospital, Ireland
 2024-10 PHASE3
NCT03667664 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Mobility Limitation; Physical Activity
Hospices Civils de Lyon
 2018-07-10
NCT05980702 RECRUITING
HNSCC; Oral Cancer; PD-1
Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University
 2023-04-04 PHASE2
NCT05485207 UNKNOWN
Interstitial Cystitis; Bladder Pain Syndrome
Stanford University
 2022-04-04 EARLY_PHASE1
NCT04953507 COMPLETED
Analgesia
National Cancer Institute, Egypt
 2021-07-03
NCT06307444 COMPLETED
Acute Herpes Zoster Pain Managment
Tanta University
 2024-03-20
NCT06341517 Not yet recruiting
Schizophrenia; Psychosis
Indrit Begue|University of Geneva Switzerland
 2024-11-05 Not Applicable
NCT00574353 COMPLETED
Colorectal Cancer
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
 2007-12-11
NCT05333432 Not yet recruiting
Prostate Cancer
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris|National Cancer Institute France
 2024-06-01 Not Applicable
NCT04144322 COMPLETED
Bone Loss, Alveolar
University of Michigan
 2019-10-14
NCT06323538 Not yet recruiting
Dietary Exposure|Diabetes Mellitus Type 2|Cardiovascular Diseases|Bone Loss|Sustainability|Exposure|Obesity|Vitamin Deficiency|Mineral Deficiency
German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment|Max Rubner-Institut|University of Bonn|Research Institute for Plant-Based Nutrition|University of Jena|University of Regensburg|Heidelberg University|University of Vienna
 2024-04-01 --
NCT06033456 UNKNOWN
Stellate Ganglion; Radiofrequency Ablation; Complex Regional Pain Syndromes; Mastectomy
National Cancer Institute, Egypt
 2023-10-07
NCT06345924 Recruiting
Cancer|Palliative Care
University of Valencia
 2024-03-01 Not Applicable
NCT04354688 COMPLETED
Edentulous Jaw
ZimVie
 2019-10-19
NCT05238584 UNKNOWN
Stomach Neoplasms; Interleukin; Stomach Cancer; Gastric Cancer; Digestive System Neoplasm
University of Debrecen
 2022-01-01
NCT05572814 UNKNOWN
Heart Failure; Type 2 Diabetes; Atrial Fibrillation
American College of Cardiology
 2022-09-30
NCT02285530 UNKNOWN
Mouth Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
 2019-12-01 PHASE2
NCT04111536 COMPLETED
Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction; Low Triiodothyronine Syndrome
University of Pennsylvania
 2020-03-08 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT04112316 COMPLETED
Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF); Low T3 Syndrome
University of Pennsylvania
 2020-02-11 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT05737914 UNKNOWN
Primary Palmar Hyperhydrosis
Ain Shams University
 2023-02
NCT05270798 COMPLETED
Euthyroid Sick Syndromes; Septic Shock
Cantonal Hospital Zenica
 2022-05-01 PHASE2
NCT03941366 TERMINATED
Rectal Cancer
Henry Ford Health System
 2016-02-26
NCT05245396 COMPLETED
Healthy
Merck Healthcare KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
 2022-02-02 PHASE1
NCT04651374 WITHDRAWN
Covid19
London Health Sciences Centre Research Institute OR Lawson Research Institute of St. Joseph's
 2022-04
NCT04914416 COMPLETED
Hyperglycemia, Postprandial
Fytexia
 2021-06-15
NCT03787303 TERMINATED
Metastatic Breast Cancer; Thyroid Dysfunction
Aultman Health Foundation
 2019-03-01 PHASE2
NCT05247476 UNKNOWN
Thyroid Cancer, Papillary; Hypothyroidism
Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University
 2021-10-18 PHASE4
NCT04926246 COMPLETED
Healthy
Boehringer Ingelheim
 2021-07-01 PHASE1
NCT03930316 COMPLETED
OSA
Chinese University of Hong Kong
 2019-04-01
NCT04309110 COMPLETED
Stroke, Acute
Firstkind Ltd
 2021-07-13
NCT02861742 COMPLETED
Aging; Breast Cancer
Centre Oscar Lambret
 2016-07-25
NCT02765659 COMPLETED
HIV CDC Category A1
University of Illinois at Chicago
 2016-06
NCT04348513 TERMINATED
Pulmonary Infection; Covid-19
Uni-Pharma Kleon Tsetis Pharmaceutical Laboratories S.A.
 2020-05-29 PHASE2
NCT03043729 COMPLETED
Rectal Cancer; Rectosigmoid Cancer
AIO-Studien-gGmbH
 2017-03-06 PHASE2
NCT02461836 UNKNOWN
Pancreatic Cancer
Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine
 2015-08 PHASE2
NCT02490709 UNKNOWN
Rectal Cancer
National Cancer Center, Korea
 2015-04 PHASE2
NCT03907280 COMPLETED
Healthy
Boehringer Ingelheim
 2019-04-23 PHASE1
NCT02919878 UNKNOWN
Rectal Adenocarcinoma
King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center
 2014-12 PHASE2
NCT04721483 COMPLETED
Hyperhidrosis; Compensatory Sweating; Compensatory Hyperhidrosis
University of Valencia
 2016-04-01
NCT02320669 COMPLETED
Congenital Heart Defects
Seattle Children's Hospital
 2014-11 PHASE3
NCT04123925 COMPLETED
Colon Cancer Stage II/III
National Cancer Institute, Naples
 2018-06-12 PHASE2
NCT03617835 COMPLETED
Healthy
Boehringer Ingelheim
 2018-08-16 PHASE1
NCT03506828 UNKNOWN
Excessive Sweating of the Hands
Mansoura University
 2018-02-01
NCT02161874 COMPLETED
Partial Edentulism; Tooth Disease
ZimVie
 2013-04
NCT03706469 COMPLETED
Healthy Volunteers
Neurocrine Biosciences
 2018-10-18 PHASE1
NCT03399435 TERMINATED
Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Local; Analgesia
Grünenthal GmbH
 2018-01-30 PHASE1
NCT01854684 COMPLETED
Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIA Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIB Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
 2014-02-21 PHASE1
NCT03699098 COMPLETED
Head and Neck Cancer
Cairo University
 2017-08-01
NCT02317926 UNKNOWN
Hypothyroidism
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center
 2015-05
NCT03717558 WITHDRAWN
Healthy Volunteers
Pierre Fabre Dermatology
 2018-04-30 PHASE1
NCT03024151 COMPLETED
Thyroid Cancer; Distress; Depression; Anxiety; Fatigue
Inje University
 2016-12
NCT00489008 COMPLETED
Lung Cancer
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
 2005-11-21 PHASE2
NCT02654041 TERMINATED
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)
Musli Thyropeutics Ltd.
 2016-03 PHASE2
NCT00828386 TERMINATED
Nasopharyngeal Cancers
Groupe Oncologie Radiotherapie Tete et Cou
 2009-01 PHASE3
NCT03173742 COMPLETED
Helminthiasis
Insud Pharma
 2016-03 PHASE1
NCT02287727 WITHDRAWN
Rectal Adenocarcinoma; Stage IIA Rectal Cancer; Stage IIB Rectal Cancer; Stage IIC Rectal Cancer; Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer; Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer
Roswell Park Cancer Institute
 2015-03 PHASE2
NCT02262000 TERMINATED
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
West Virginia University
 2013-09
NCT03292341 COMPLETED
Larynx Cancer
Maastricht Radiation Oncology
 2015-09
NCT02785341 TERMINATED
Cancer
Institut Paoli-Calmettes
 2015-05
NCT00073242 UNKNOWN
Obesity
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
 2000-07 PHASE3
NCT01821092 COMPLETED
Jaw, Edentulous, Partially
Proed, Torino, Italy
 2013-03 PHASE4
NCT02521168 COMPLETED
Postoperative; Dysfunction Following Cardiac Surgery
National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital Indonesia
 2013-07 PHASE3
NCT01930630 UNKNOWN
Esophageal Cancer
Sun Yat-sen University
 2013-10 PHASE1
NCT01800617 COMPLETED
Hypothyroidism
Ipe, LLC
 2013-03 PHASE2
NCT00297141 COMPLETED
Rectal Cancer
Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group
 2004-10 PHASE2
NCT01360177 WITHDRAWN
Breast Cancer; Metastatic Breast Cancer
Stanford University
 2010-07
NCT02395913 COMPLETED
Healthy Male
Hyundai Pharmaceutical Co., LTD.
 2013-07 PHASE1
NCT01501110 COMPLETED
Acute Myocardial Infarction; Euthyroid Sick Syndrome; Ischemic Heart Disease
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
 2011-11 PHASE4
NCT02100410 COMPLETED
Myopia; Astigmatism; Refractive Error
Alcon Research
 2013-04
NCT02248415 COMPLETED
Coronary Disease
St. Antonius Hospital
 2012-09
NCT00376792 UNKNOWN
Prostate Cancer
Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group
 2005-10 PHASE3
NCT01581463 COMPLETED
Healthy
Ipe, LLC
 2012-04 PHASE1
NCT00790738 COMPLETED
Depression; Bipolar Disorder
Northwell Health
 2008-07 PHASE3
NCT01225926 COMPLETED
Cataract
Alcon Research
 2011-03
NCT01872676 COMPLETED
Myofascial Dysfunction
Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba
 2011-01
NCT00297128 COMPLETED
Rectal Cancer
Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group
 2005-10 PHASE2
NCT01153360 COMPLETED
Non-thyroidal Illness Syndrome
Yonsei University
 2010-06
NCT00290355 COMPLETED
Lung Cancer, Non-Small Cell
GlaxoSmithKline
 2002-05-28 PHASE2
NCT00903877 COMPLETED
Fibromyalgia
Stanford University
 2009-05
NCT01192321 TERMINATED
Cataract
Alcon Research
 2010-06 PHASE4
NCT01780584 COMPLETED
Low T3 Syndrome
National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital Indonesia
 2010-04 PHASE2
NCT01295853 COMPLETED
Compensatory Hyperhidrosis; Recurrence
Mansoura University
 2008-02
NCT00482755 COMPLETED
Breast Cancer
NCIC Clinical Trials Group
 2009-04-08 PHASE2
NCT00867347 COMPLETED
Bladder Cancer
Institute of Cancer Research, United Kingdom
 2007-07 PHASE3
NCT00145769 COMPLETED
Adenocarcinoma of Rectum
Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group
 2001-07 PHASE3
NCT01140659 COMPLETED
Hyperhidrosis; Quality of Life
University of Sao Paulo
 2007-02
NCT00169182 COMPLETED
Larynx Cancer; Hypopharynx Cancer
Groupe Oncologie Radiotherapie Tete et Cou
 2001-12-15 PHASE3
NCT00732030 COMPLETED
Cataracts
Alcon Research
 2007-06 PHASE4
NCT00671645 TERMINATED
Rectal Cancer
Austrian Breast & Colorectal Cancer Study Group
 2008-07 PHASE2
NCT01122121 COMPLETED
Prostatic Neoplasms, Locally Advanced
Takeda
 2000-03 PHASE3
NCT01719133 COMPLETED
Allergic Rhinitis
Anergis
 2008-02 PHASE1
NCT00459121 TERMINATED
Lung Cancer
Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
 2007-07 PHASE2
NCT00027417 COMPLETED
Heart Defects, Congenital
Michael Portman
 2001-04 PHASE3
NCT00239343 COMPLETED
Breast Cancer
AstraZeneca
 2004-10 PHASE2
NCT00084396 COMPLETED
Breast Cancer
Washington University School of Medicine
 2003-10 PHASE2
NCT00103519 TERMINATED
Heart Failure, Congestive
Titan Pharmaceuticals
 2004-12 PHASE2
NCT00289367 COMPLETED
Atrial Fibrillation
Northwell Health
 2006-02 PHASE1
NCT00296686 TERMINATED
Major Depression
New York State Psychiatric Institute
 2001-09 PHASE4
NCT00161421 COMPLETED
Contraception; Hypogonadism
University of Washington
 2005-03 PHASE2
NCT00002480 COMPLETED
Prostate Cancer
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
 1991-02 PHASE1
NCT00770393 COMPLETED
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint Etienne
 2002-02 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00223158 COMPLETED
Thyroid Cancer
Patrice Perron
 2003-09
NCT00715572 COMPLETED
Hypothyroidism
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
 2002-03
NCT00003799 COMPLETED
Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum; Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum; Signet Ring Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum; Stage IIA Rectal Cancer; Stage IIB Rectal Cancer; Stage IIC Rectal Cancer; Stage IIIA Rectal Cancer; Stage IIIB Rectal Cancer; Stage IIIC Rectal Cancer
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
 1999-05 PHASE1
NCT00208702 COMPLETED
Major Depression
Emory University
 1996-09 PHASE4
NCT00002523 COMPLETED
Colorectal Cancer
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC
 1993-04 PHASE3
NCT00232661 COMPLETED
Breast Cancer
AstraZeneca
 2000-08 PHASE3
NCT00002511 COMPLETED
Prostate Cancer
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC
 1992-12 PHASE3
NCT00003642 TERMINATED
Bladder Cancer
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC
 1998-10 PHASE2
NCT00158990 COMPLETED
Major Depression; Bipolar Disorder; Unipolar Depression
Hadassah Medical Organization
 2002-10 PHASE3
NCT00490880 COMPLETED
Bladder Cancer
Eli Lilly and Company
 2003-11 PHASE2
NCT00273507 TERMINATED
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Rigshospitalet, Denmark
 1998-01 PHASE3
NCT00273494 UNKNOWN
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Rigshospitalet, Denmark
 1998-01 PHASE3
NCT00021528 COMPLETED
Depression
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
 2001-07 PHASE4
NCT00531713 COMPLETED
Quality of Life; Depression
Copenhagen University Hospital at Herlev
 2003-04 PHASE4
NCT00421369 COMPLETED
Major Depressive Disorder
Hadassah Medical Organization
 2007-09
NCT00005052 UNKNOWN
Melanoma (Skin)
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer - EORTC
 1999-12 PHASE3
NCT00360074 COMPLETED
Secondary Hypothyroidism; Hypopituitarism; Hyperlipidemias
University Hospital Freiburg
 2004-02 PHASE4

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-09-23)

Check the Liothyronine (Triiodothyronine, T3) product page for in-depth specifications, including solubility, stock solutions, MOA, and working concentrations.

Compliance for Clinical Use

Mechanism and Biochemical Profile

Liothyronine selectively binds to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, thereby activating thyroid response element-mediated gene expression to regulate cellular metabolic pathways and energy expenditure. This transcriptional activation promotes mitochondrial oxidation and systemic metabolic rate, underlying its therapeutic evaluation in metabolic disorders and as an adjunctive treatment for major depression and bipolar disorder.

Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards

Quality Dimension RUO (Research Use Only) cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)
Clinical Applicability Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies.
Regulatory Status Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA).
Facility Environment Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring.
Quality Control Basic purity and activity testing. Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma).
Process Validation Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records.
Quality Assurance Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits.
Regulatory Impact High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF).

Footnotes

Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).

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Note: Technical data last updated: Sep 1, 2026.