Numerous clinical trials evaluate the safety and efficacy of ixabepilone across Phase 1 through Phase 3 studies in solid tumors, including metastatic and recurrent breast, epithelial ovarian, prostate, endometrial, and head and neck cancers. Sponsored by academic medical centers, government organizations such as the National Cancer Institute, and pharmaceutical companies including Bristol-Myers Squibb and R-Pharm, these studies assess single-agent and combination regimens. Protocol recruitment statuses range from completed evaluations to active, withdrawn, and terminated trials.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT00877500 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Bilateral Breast Carcinoma; HER2/Neu Negative; Invasive Breast Carcinoma |
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center |
2009-03-30 | PHASE2 |
| NCT04796324 | TERMINATED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
Allarity Therapeutics |
2021-03-01 | PHASE2 |
| NCT03093155 | COMPLETED | Epithelial Ovarian Cancer; Fallopian Tube Cancer; Primary Peritoneal Cancer |
Yale University |
2017-04-03 | PHASE2 |
| NCT02915744 | COMPLETED | Metastasis; Breast Cancer |
Nektar Therapeutics |
2016-11 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01097642 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
The Methodist Hospital Research Institute |
2008-10-10 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01446016 | COMPLETED | Breast Neoplasms; Breast Cancer |
The Methodist Hospital Research Institute |
2011-09 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01375829 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Adult Solid Neoplasm |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2011-06-27 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00630032 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
UNICANCER |
2007-09 | PHASE3 |
| NCT03093155 | Completed | Epithelial Ovarian Cancer|Fallopian Tube Cancer|Primary Peritoneal Cancer |
Yale University|R-Pharm-US LLC |
2017-04-03 | Phase 2 |
| NCT00923130 | COMPLETED | Renal Cell Carcinoma |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2009-01-07 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00789581 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
SCRI Development Innovations, LLC |
2008-12 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01349088 | WITHDRAWN | Breast Cancer; Metastatic Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer |
Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Thomas Jefferson University |
2013-12 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00798252 | COMPLETED | Advanced Cancer |
Bristol-Myers Squibb |
2009-03 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01818999 | WITHDRAWN | METASTATIC BREAST CANCER |
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center |
2013-08 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00977574 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Endometrial Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Endometrial Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma; Endometrial Serous Adenocarcinoma; Recurrent Malignant Uterine Corpus Neoplasm; Stage IIIA Uterine Corpus Carcinoma or Carcinosarcoma by AJCC v7 Stage; Stage IIIB Uterine Corpus Carcinoma or Carcinosarcoma by AJCC v7 Stage; Stage IIIC Uterine Corpus Carcinoma or Carcinosarcoma by AJCC v7 Stage; Stage IVA Uterine Corpus Carcinoma or Carcinosarcoma by AJCC v7 Stage; Stage IVB Uterine Corpus Carcinoma or Carcinosarcoma by AJCC v7 Stage |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2009-09-14 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01220609 | COMPLETED | Recurrent Uterine Corpus Sarcoma; Uterine Corpus Leiomyosarcoma |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2010-11 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00866905 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
SCRI Development Innovations, LLC |
2009-04 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00785291 | COMPLETED | Estrogen Receptor Negative; Estrogen Receptor Positive; HER2/Neu Negative; HER2/Neu Positive; Progesterone Receptor Negative; Progesterone Receptor Positive; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IIIC Breast Cancer AJCC v6; Stage IV Breast Cancer AJCC v6 and v7 |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2008-10-13 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00924066 | TERMINATED | Cervical Carcinoma; Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Cervical Carcinoma, Non-SquamousType |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2008-11 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01057212 | TERMINATED | Non-squamous Non-small Cell Lung Cancer |
Providence Health & Services |
2010-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01168232 | COMPLETED | Recurrent Uterine Corpus Sarcoma; Uterine Carcinosarcoma |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2010-09-07 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00884676 | COMPLETED | Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific |
Jaime Merchan |
2008-11 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00924352 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
Accelerated Community Oncology Research Network |
2009-06 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00825734 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
SCRI Development Innovations, LLC |
2009-03 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT01075100 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
US Oncology Research |
2010-01 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00879086 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
Eisai Inc. |
2009-03-31 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01454479 | UNKNOWN | Recurrent Endometrial Cancer |
Hung-Hsueh Chou |
2011-03 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01012362 | TERMINATED | Breast Cancer; Lung Cancer; Colon Cancer; Pancreatic Cancer; Head and Neck Cancer; Kidney Cancer; Sarcoma; Hepatocellular Cancer |
Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota |
2009-12 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01084057 | COMPLETED | Male Breast Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer |
City of Hope Medical Center |
2010-05-17 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01416389 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
Eli Lilly and Company |
2011-08 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00883116 | TERMINATED | Endometrial Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2009-08 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00182767 | COMPLETED | Fallopian Tube Cancer; Female Reproductive Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage III Ovarian Epithelial Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Ovarian Epithelial Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2006-01 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00765765 | TERMINATED | Breast Cancer |
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey |
2009-02 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00637897 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
Wake Forest University Health Sciences |
2008-03 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01079793 | WITHDRAWN | Prostate Cancer |
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center |
2010-05-26 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00804310 | TERMINATED | Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific |
University of California, Davis |
2009-08 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00821886 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
SCRI Development Innovations, LLC |
2009-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00751868 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
Consorzio Oncotech |
2008-09 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00983801 | COMPLETED | Stomach Neoplasms |
R-Pharm |
2009-11 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00490646 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2008-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00717704 | COMPLETED | Solid Tumor |
Medstar Health Research Institute |
2008-07 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00790894 | TERMINATED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group |
2008-11 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00672009 | TERMINATED | Prostatic Diseases; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Urogenital Neoplasms; Genital Diseases, Male; Adenocarcinoma; Prostatic Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Carcinoma |
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center |
2008-04 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01454479 | Unknown status | Recurrent Endometrial Cancer |
Hung-Hsueh Chou|GlaxoSmithKline|Bristol-Myers Squibb|Chang Gung Memorial Hospital |
2011-03 | Phase 1 |
| NCT00828308 | COMPLETED | Prostate Cancer |
Brown University |
2009-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00627978 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
Weill Medical College of Cornell University |
2007-11 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00832117 | COMPLETED | Non Small Cell Lung Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2009-05 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00331344 | COMPLETED | Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate; Recurrent Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Prostate Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2006-04 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00741988 | COMPLETED | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
SCRI Development Innovations, LLC |
2008-09 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00633464 | COMPLETED | Triple Negative Locally Advanced Non-resectable Breast Cancer; Metastatic Breast Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2008-06 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00058019 | COMPLETED | Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma; Recurrent Adult Burkitt Lymphoma; Recurrent Adult Diffuse Large Cell Lymphoma; Recurrent Adult Diffuse Mixed Cell Lymphoma; Recurrent Grade 3 Follicular Lymphoma; Recurrent Mantle Cell Lymphoma |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2003-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00593827 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2008-05 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00998738 | TERMINATED | Neuropathy; Pain; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Stage IV Breast Cancer |
Mayo Clinic |
2009-11 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00634088 | TERMINATED | Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2008-06 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00723957 | COMPLETED | Advanced/Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2008-12 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00045708 | COMPLETED | Adult Anaplastic Astrocytoma; Adult Giant Cell Glioblastoma; Adult Gliosarcoma; Recurrent Adult Brain Tumor |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2002-10 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00546364 | TERMINATED | Breast Neoplasms |
R-Pharm |
2008-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00025155 | COMPLETED | Primary Peritoneal Cavity Cancer; Recurrent Ovarian Epithelial Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2002-07 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00030108 | COMPLETED | Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors; Childhood Germ Cell Tumor; Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor; Kidney Cancer; Leukemia; Liver Cancer; Neuroblastoma; Ovarian Cancer; Sarcoma; Unspecified Childhood Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific |
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) |
2001-11 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00568022 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2008-02 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01012362 | Terminated | Breast Cancer|Lung Cancer|Colon Cancer|Pancreatic Cancer|Head and Neck Cancer|Kidney Cancer|Sarcoma|Hepatocellular Cancer |
Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota|GlaxoSmithKline |
2009-12 | Phase 1 |
| NCT00455533 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
Bristol-Myers Squibb |
2007-10 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00998101 | WITHDRAWN | Lung Cancer |
UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center |
2009-07 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00370552 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2007-03 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00683904 | COMPLETED | Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) |
R-Pharm |
2008-06 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00422097 | COMPLETED | Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2007-01 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00095979 | COMPLETED | Endometrial Adenocarcinoma; Recurrent Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage IV Endometrial Carcinoma |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2005-05 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00383149 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2007-01 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00632424 | TERMINATED | Advanced Solid Tumors |
R-Pharm |
2008-05 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00087139 | COMPLETED | Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate; Recurrent Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Prostate Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2004-09 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00077376 | COMPLETED | HER2-positive Breast Cancer; Male Breast Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2005-03 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00322374 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2006-08 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00207090 | COMPLETED | Advanced Solid Tumors; Neoplasms |
R-Pharm |
2005-09 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00079326 | TERMINATED | HER2-positive Breast Cancer; Recurrent Breast Cancer; Stage IV Breast Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2004-01 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00162136 | COMPLETED | Solid Malignancies |
R-Pharm |
2005-09 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00082433 | COMPLETED | Cancer; Breast Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2003-11 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00058084 | COMPLETED | Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate; Recurrent Prostate Cancer; Stage IV Prostate Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2003-03 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00331643 | COMPLETED | Adult Rhabdomyosarcoma; Adult Synovial Sarcoma; Alveolar Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma; Childhood Synovial Sarcoma; Embryonal Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma; Previously Treated Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma; Recurrent Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Recurrent Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma; Recurrent Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Recurrent Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor; Recurrent Neuroblastoma; Recurrent Osteosarcoma; Recurrent Wilms Tumor and Other Childhood Kidney Tumors |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2006-04 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00182702 | COMPLETED | Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma; Recurrent Renal Cell Cancer; Stage III Renal Cell Cancer; Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2005-07 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00362830 | COMPLETED | Cancer |
Bristol-Myers Squibb |
2006-08 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00021099 | COMPLETED | Distal Urethral Cancer; Metastatic Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter; Proximal Urethral Cancer; Recurrent Bladder Cancer; Recurrent Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter; Recurrent Urethral Cancer; Regional Transitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and Ureter; Stage III Bladder Cancer; Stage IV Bladder Cancer; Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder; Urethral Cancer Associated With Invasive Bladder Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2001-06 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01019577 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2005-10 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00309049 | COMPLETED | Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2006-04 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00030706 | COMPLETED | Ovarian Cancer; Peritoneal Cavity Cancer |
Montefiore Medical Center |
2004-11 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00028561 | TERMINATED | Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2001-10 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01027208 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2006-12 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00033618 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer With Occult Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Recurrent Metastatic Squamous Neck Cancer With Occult Primary; Recurrent Salivary Gland Cancer; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Recurrent Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx; Recurrent Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Salivary Gland Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Stage IV Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx; Stage IVA Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage IVA Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IVA Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Stage IVA Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Stage IVA Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IVA Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IVA Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage IVB Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage IVB Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IVB Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Stage IVB Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Stage IVB Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IVB Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IVB Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Stage IVC Salivary Gland Cancer; Stage IVC Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IVC Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lip and Oral Cavity; Stage IVC Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oropharynx; Stage IVC Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Paranasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity; Stage IVC Verrucous Carcinoma of the Larynx; Stage IVC Verrucous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity; Tongue Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2002-11 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00080262 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer; Metastases |
R-Pharm |
2004-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00080301 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer; Metastases |
R-Pharm |
2003-09 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00022542 | TERMINATED | Recurrent Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Stage III Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Stage IV Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2001-06 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00096317 | COMPLETED | Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific |
Montefiore Medical Center |
2003-03 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00207129 | COMPLETED | Advanced Solid Tumors; Neoplasms |
R-Pharm |
2004-10 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00023946 | TERMINATED | Adult Primary Cholangiocellular Carcinoma; Adult Primary Hepatocellular Carcinoma; Advanced Adult Primary Liver Cancer; Cholangiocarcinoma of the Extrahepatic Bile Duct; Cholangiocarcinoma of the Gallbladder; Localized Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer; Localized Gallbladder Cancer; Localized Resectable Adult Primary Liver Cancer; Localized Unresectable Adult Primary Liver Cancer; Recurrent Adult Primary Liver Cancer; Recurrent Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer; Recurrent Gallbladder Cancer; Unresectable Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer; Unresectable Gallbladder Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2001-08 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00033306 | TERMINATED | Colorectal Cancer |
University of Alabama at Birmingham |
2002-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00006221 | COMPLETED | Lymphoma; Small Intestine Cancer; Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2000-11 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01018966 | COMPLETED | Solid Tumors |
R-Pharm |
2004-04 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00036764 | COMPLETED | Recurrent Melanoma; Stage IV Melanoma |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2002-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00057850 | COMPLETED | Head and Neck Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2002-01 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00017043 | COMPLETED | Esophageal Cancer; Gastric Cancer |
Bristol-Myers Squibb |
2001-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00020904 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |
2001-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00004927 | COMPLETED | Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific |
R-Pharm |
1999-07 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00017056 | COMPLETED | Esophageal Cancer; Gastric Cancer |
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |
2001-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00016393 | COMPLETED | Prostate Cancer |
SWOG Cancer Research Network |
2001-06 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00070096 | COMPLETED | Brain and Central Nervous System Tumors; Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumor; Ovarian Cancer; Testicular Germ Cell Tumor |
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |
2003-08 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00043095 | COMPLETED | Unspecified Adult Solid Tumor, Protocol Specific |
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |
2002-06 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00025194 | COMPLETED | Prostate Cancer |
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |
2001-07 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00049244 | UNKNOWN | Breast Cancer |
R-Pharm |
2002-09 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00016965 | COMPLETED | Pancreatic Cancer |
SWOG Cancer Research Network |
2001-07 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01170871 | WITHDRAWN | Advanced Solid Tumors |
University of Southern California |
PHASE1 | |
| NCT00045097 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2002-05 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00052572 | COMPLETED | Leukemia; Lymphoma |
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |
2002-10 | PHASE2 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2026-05-22)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).