Indoximod has been evaluated in multiple Early Phase 1, Phase 1, and Phase 2 clinical trials targeting advanced melanoma, pediatric and adult central nervous system malignancies (including glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and ependymoma), metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, solid tumors, and pharmacokinetic profiling in healthy volunteers. Sponsored by pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, and medical centers, these studies encompass diverse recruitment statuses, including completed, recruiting, terminated, and withdrawn.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07732413 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Progressive Pediatric Brain Cancer |
Lumos Pharma |
2026-10-08 | PHASE1 |
| NCT05106296 | RECRUITING | Ependymoma; Medulloblastoma; Glioblastoma; Primary Brain Tumor |
Theodore S. Johnson |
2022-02-08 | PHASE1 |
| NCT04049669 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Glioblastoma; Medulloblastoma; Ependymoma; Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma |
Theodore S. Johnson |
2019-10-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT05469490 | WITHDRAWN | Advanced Solid Tumors |
Luke, Jason, MD |
2022-10 | PHASE1 |
| NCT02502708 | COMPLETED | Glioblastoma Multiforme; Glioma; Gliosarcoma; Malignant Brain Tumor; Ependymoma; Medulloblastoma; Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma; Primary CNS Tumor |
NewLink Genetics Corporation |
2015-10 | PHASE1 |
| NCT02835729 | COMPLETED | Acute Myeloid Leukemia |
NewLink Genetics Corporation |
2016-07 | PHASE1 |
| NCT03301636 | TERMINATED | Melanoma |
NewLink Genetics Corporation |
2017-12-08 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01560923 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Prostate Cancer |
Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota |
2012-10-01 | PHASE2 |
| NCT02052648 | COMPLETED | Glioblastoma Multiforme; Glioma; Gliosarcoma; Malignant Brain Tumor |
NewLink Genetics Corporation |
2014-03 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT03852446 | COMPLETED | Healthy |
NewLink Genetics Corporation |
2018-03-05 | EARLY_PHASE1 |
| NCT03372239 | COMPLETED | Healthy |
NewLink Genetics Corporation |
2017-11-21 | PHASE1 |
| NCT02073123 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Melanoma; Stage III Melanoma; Stage IV Melanoma |
NewLink Genetics Corporation |
2014-07 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT02077881 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma; Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer |
NewLink Genetics Corporation |
2014-08 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT03301636 | Terminated | Melanoma |
NewLink Genetics Corporation|Lumos Pharma |
2017-12-08 | Phase 2 |
| NCT02460367 | TERMINATED | Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Progression of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Recurrent |
NewLink Genetics Corporation |
2016-01 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01792050 | COMPLETED | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
NewLink Genetics Corporation |
2013-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00739609 | TERMINATED | Breast Cancer; Lung Cancer; Melanoma; Pancreatic Cancer; Solid Tumors |
NewLink Genetics Corporation |
2008-08 | PHASE1 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2026-07-28)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).