Clinical Trials

Indoximod has been evaluated in multiple Early Phase 1, Phase 1, and Phase 2 clinical trials targeting advanced melanoma, pediatric and adult central nervous system malignancies (including glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and ependymoma), metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, solid tumors, and pharmacokinetic profiling in healthy volunteers. Sponsored by pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, and medical centers, these studies encompass diverse recruitment statuses, including completed, recruiting, terminated, and withdrawn.

NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT07732413 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Progressive Pediatric Brain Cancer
Lumos Pharma
2026-10-08 PHASE1
NCT05106296 RECRUITING
Ependymoma; Medulloblastoma; Glioblastoma; Primary Brain Tumor
Theodore S. Johnson
2022-02-08 PHASE1
NCT04049669 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Glioblastoma; Medulloblastoma; Ependymoma; Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
Theodore S. Johnson
2019-10-02 PHASE2
NCT05469490 WITHDRAWN
Advanced Solid Tumors
Luke, Jason, MD
2022-10 PHASE1
NCT02502708 COMPLETED
Glioblastoma Multiforme; Glioma; Gliosarcoma; Malignant Brain Tumor; Ependymoma; Medulloblastoma; Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma; Primary CNS Tumor
NewLink Genetics Corporation
2015-10 PHASE1
NCT02835729 COMPLETED
Acute Myeloid Leukemia
NewLink Genetics Corporation
2016-07 PHASE1
NCT03301636 TERMINATED
Melanoma
NewLink Genetics Corporation
2017-12-08 PHASE2
NCT01560923 COMPLETED
Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota
2012-10-01 PHASE2
NCT02052648 COMPLETED
Glioblastoma Multiforme; Glioma; Gliosarcoma; Malignant Brain Tumor
NewLink Genetics Corporation
2014-03 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT03852446 COMPLETED
Healthy
NewLink Genetics Corporation
2018-03-05 EARLY_PHASE1
NCT03372239 COMPLETED
Healthy
NewLink Genetics Corporation
2017-11-21 PHASE1
NCT02073123 COMPLETED
Metastatic Melanoma; Stage III Melanoma; Stage IV Melanoma
NewLink Genetics Corporation
2014-07 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT02077881 COMPLETED
Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma; Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer
NewLink Genetics Corporation
2014-08 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT03301636 Terminated
Melanoma
NewLink Genetics Corporation|Lumos Pharma
2017-12-08 Phase 2
NCT02460367 TERMINATED
Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Progression of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer; Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Recurrent
NewLink Genetics Corporation
2016-01 PHASE1
NCT01792050 COMPLETED
Metastatic Breast Cancer
NewLink Genetics Corporation
2013-02 PHASE2
NCT00739609 TERMINATED
Breast Cancer; Lung Cancer; Melanoma; Pancreatic Cancer; Solid Tumors
NewLink Genetics Corporation
2008-08 PHASE1

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2026-07-28)

Check the Indoximod product page for in-depth specifications, including solubility, stock solutions, MOA, and working concentrations.

Compliance for Clinical Use

Mechanism and Biochemical Profile

Indoximod is a methylated tryptophan derivative that acts as an indoleamine-(2,3)-dioxygenase pathway inhibitor, disrupting downstream tryptophan depletion and kynurenine-mediated immunosuppressive signaling within the microenvironment. Reversing this immune suppression restores T-cell activation and proliferation, ultimately enhancing host anti-tumor immune responses in clinical settings such as melanoma, pediatric brain tumors, and pancreatic cancer.

Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards

Quality Dimension RUO (Research Use Only) cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)
Clinical Applicability Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies.
Regulatory Status Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA).
Facility Environment Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring.
Quality Control Basic purity and activity testing. Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma).
Process Validation Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records.
Quality Assurance Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits.
Regulatory Impact High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF).

Footnotes

Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).

Note: Technical data last updated: Sep 1, 2026.