Gliclazide has been evaluated in several completed clinical trials targeting healthy volunteers and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, consisting primarily of Phase 1 and non-phase-specific studies. Sponsored by academic institutions—including the University of Dundee, University of Sarajevo, and the Chinese University of Hong Kong—alongside industry sponsors such as Merck KGaA, these investigations assessed clinical bioequivalence, food effects on combination formulations, drug interactions with omeprazole, and sulphonylurea synergy with incretins.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04198948 | Completed | Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 |
University of Sarajevo|General Hospital Prim. Dr. Abdulah Nakas|University of Dundee|Wellcome Trust |
2019-03-04 | Phase 1 |
| NCT03705195 | Completed | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
University of Dundee|NHS Tayside |
2018-08-03 | Not Applicable |
| NCT03467971 | Completed | Healthy |
Merck KGaA Darmstadt Germany |
2018-03-06 | Phase 1 |
| NCT02643329 | Completed | Healthy |
Bright Future Pharmaceuticals Factory O/B Bright Future Pharmaceutical Laboratories Limited|Chinese University of Hong Kong |
2016-01 | Phase 1 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).