Gefitinib (ZD1839) is a potent, selective, reversible, and ATP-competitive EGFR inhibitor. It affects PI3K/AKT/mTOR, MAPK/ERK, and JAK/STAT signaling by binding to the ATP-binding pocket of the EGFR kinase domain to block autophosphorylation, effectively inhibiting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while inducing apoptosis.