Clinical Trials

Multiple clinical trials across Phase I, Phase I/II, and Phase II have evaluated Beta-Lapachone (also known as ARQ 501 and ARQ 761) for oncology indications, including advanced solid tumors, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Sponsored by both industry entities, such as ArQule Inc., and academic medical centers, including the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, these trials are predominantly completed, although a clinical trial was terminated.

NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT02514031 TERMINATED
Pancreatic Cancer
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
2016-03-24 PHASE1
NCT01502800 COMPLETED
Solid Tumors
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
2011-12-29 PHASE1
NCT00524524 Completed
Advanced Solid Tumors
ArQule Inc. a subsidiary of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc. (Rahway NJ USA)
2007-08 Phase 1
NCT00622063 Completed
Cancer
ArQule Inc. a subsidiary of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc. (Rahway NJ USA)
2006-12 Phase 1|Phase 2
NCT00358930 Completed
Head and Neck Neoplasms|Carcinoma Squamous Cell
ArQule Inc. a subsidiary of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc. (Rahway NJ USA)
2006-07 Phase 2
NCT00102700 Completed
Pancreatic Cancer|Adenocarcinoma
ArQule Inc. a subsidiary of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc. (Rahway NJ USA)
2005-01 Phase 2
NCT00099190 Completed
Carcinoma
ArQule Inc. a subsidiary of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC a subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc. (Rahway NJ USA)
2004-12 Phase 1

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2022-06-03)

Check the Beta-Lapachone product page for in-depth specifications, including solubility, stock solutions, MOA, and working concentrations.

Compliance for Clinical Use

Mechanism and Biochemical Profile

Beta-Lapachone acts as a selective inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I without inhibiting DNA topoisomerase II or ligase, thereby blocking DNA unwinding during replication and inducing double-strand DNA damage that leads to apoptotic cell death. By destabilizing genomic integrity in actively dividing cells, this mechanism provides therapeutic relevance for clinical applications in advanced solid tumors, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and head and neck carcinomas.

Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards

Quality Dimension RUO (Research Use Only) cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)
Clinical Applicability Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies.
Regulatory Status Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA).
Facility Environment Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring.
Quality Control Basic purity and activity testing. Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma).
Process Validation Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records.
Quality Assurance Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits.
Regulatory Impact High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF).

Footnotes

Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).

Note: Technical data last updated: Sep 1, 2026.