Numerous clinical trials spanning Phase 1 through Phase 4 evaluate aclidinium bromide, focusing primarily on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic obstructive airway disease, smoking, and safety in healthy volunteers through Phase 2 pharmacokinetic and Phase 3 efficacy studies. Conducted by pharmaceutical sponsors such as AstraZeneca and Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. alongside academic institutions including the University of Milan, University of Dundee, and Maastricht University Medical Center, most of these trials are completed, while others are listed as withdrawn, terminated, or unknown.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03022097 | COMPLETED | COPD |
AstraZeneca |
2017-02-02 | PHASE3 |
| NCT03276052 | COMPLETED | Healthy Volunteers |
AstraZeneca |
2021-10-14 | PHASE1 |
| NCT03275116 | UNKNOWN | Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease |
Maastricht University Medical Center |
2017-07-07 | PHASE4 |
| NCT02972476 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
University of Dundee |
2016-12 | PHASE4 |
| NCT03181880 | WITHDRAWN | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
AstraZeneca |
2017-12-04 | PHASE4 |
| NCT03104634 | COMPLETED | Smoking |
McGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre |
2017-05-01 | PHASE3 |
| NCT02429765 | COMPLETED | COPD |
Queen's University |
2015-10 | PHASE4 |
| NCT03276078 | COMPLETED | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive |
AstraZeneca |
2017-11-23 | PHASE2 |
| NCT03276078 | Completed | Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive |
AstraZeneca |
2017-11-23 | Phase 2 |
| NCT01966107 | COMPLETED | COPD; Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Moderate to Very Severe COPD |
AstraZeneca |
2013-10-16 | PHASE4 |
| NCT02796677 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
AstraZeneca |
2016-07-05 | PHASE3 |
| NCT02424344 | COMPLETED | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive |
AstraZeneca |
2015-04-27 | PHASE4 |
| NCT02375724 | COMPLETED | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive |
AstraZeneca |
2015-03 | PHASE4 |
| NCT02039050 | COMPLETED | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive |
University of Dundee |
2014-02 | PHASE4 |
| NCT02153489 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2014-04 | PHASE4 |
| NCT02181023 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
University of Milan |
2014-06 | PHASE4 |
| NCT01908140 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2013-09 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01572792 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
AstraZeneca |
2012-04 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01636401 | COMPLETED | COPD |
Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. |
2012-08 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01437540 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
AstraZeneca |
2011-09-19 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01437397 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
AstraZeneca |
2011-09 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01462942 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2011-10 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01471171 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2011-11 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01462929 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2011-11 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01045161 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
AstraZeneca |
2009-03 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01044459 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
AstraZeneca |
2009-11 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01001494 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2009-10 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00970268 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
AstraZeneca |
2009-08 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01078623 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
AstraZeneca |
2010-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01120093 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2010-05 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01049360 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
AstraZeneca |
2009-12 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00891462 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
AstraZeneca |
2009-04 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00868231 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2009-03 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00500318 | COMPLETED | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive |
AstraZeneca |
2007-07 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00706914 | TERMINATED | Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive |
AstraZeneca |
2008-06-30 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00626522 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2008-02 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00358436 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2006-08 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00363896 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2006-07 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00435760 | COMPLETED | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) |
AstraZeneca |
2007-02 | PHASE3 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2025-03-26)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).