Multiple clinical trials evaluate menadione across diverse therapeutic applications, primarily focusing on dermatologic toxicities and coagulation disorders. Early-phase studies have assessed topical formulations for mitigating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor-induced rash and cetuximab-associated folliculitis, while additional research evaluated its utility in decompensated cirrhosis, coagulation factor deficiency, and coronary artery calcification. Sponsored by pharmaceutical companies such as Spectrum Pharmaceuticals and academic institutions including the Mayo Clinic and Odense University Hospital, these completed trials highlight menadione's role as both a topical agent for chemotherapy-induced skin toxicity and a metabolic cofactor.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04247087 | COMPLETED | Coronary Calcification |
Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social |
2017-09-07 | |
| NCT03547895 | COMPLETED | Decompensated Cirrhosis |
Zagazig University |
2015-06-01 | |
| NCT01094444 | COMPLETED | Folliculitis |
Per Pfeiffer |
2010-05 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01393821 | COMPLETED | Dermatologic Complications; Malignant Neoplasm; Pain |
Mayo Clinic |
2012-01-23 | |
| NCT01094444 | Completed | Folliculitis |
Per Pfeiffer|Odense University Hospital |
2010-05 | Phase 2 |
| NCT00656786 | COMPLETED | EGFR Inhibitor-associated Rash |
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc |
2008-04-03 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00656786 | Completed | EGFR Inhibitor-associated Rash |
Spectrum Pharmaceuticals Inc |
2008-04-03 | Phase 1 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2020-01-29)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).