Multiple early phase 1, phase 1, and non-phase specific clinical trials are evaluating the pharmacological profiles and therapeutic potential of berberine chloride for metabolic and inflammatory conditions—including polycystic ovary syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and ulcerative colitis—alongside pharmacokinetic assessments in healthy volunteers. Led by prominent institutions such as University Medicine Greifswald, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Ayub Teaching Hospital, and the National Cancer Institute, these completed, active, and upcoming studies aim to elucidate the compound's systemic kinetics, hormonal effects, and clinical efficacy across metabolic and gastrointestinal pathologies.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06273241 | Not yet recruiting | Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers |
University Medicine Greifswald |
2024-03-04 | Not Applicable |
| NCT05845931 | Recruiting | Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers |
University Medicine Greifswald |
2023-05-05 | Not Applicable |
| NCT05947370 | COMPLETED | Diabetes Mellitus |
Beijing Tongren Hospital |
2022-10-12 | EARLY_PHASE1 |
| NCT05480670 | Completed | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome |
Ayub Teaching Hospital |
2022-11-01 | Not Applicable |
| NCT05463003 | Completed | Pharmacokinetic Study in Healthy Volunteers |
University Medicine Greifswald |
2022-07-19 | Not Applicable |
| NCT03972215 | COMPLETED | Diabetes Mellitus |
Jin-Kui Yang |
2019-10-01 | EARLY_PHASE1 |
| NCT02365480 | COMPLETED | Ulcerative Colitis |
National Cancer Institute (NCI) |
2016-06-16 | PHASE1 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).