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Betaine

Synonyms: trimethylglycine, glycine betaine, lycine, oxyneurine

Betaine (trimethylglycine, glycine betaine, lycine, oxyneurine), a methyl derivative of glycine first isolated from sugar beets, has been shown to have potential benefits for fighting heart disease, improving body composition, and helping promote muscle gain and fat loss because of its abilities to promote protein synthesis in the body.

Betaine Chemical Structure

Betaine Chemical Structure

CAS: 107-43-7

Selleck's Betaine has been cited by 1 publication

Purity & Quality Control

Batch: Purity: 100.00%
100.00

Betaine Related Products

Biological Activity

Description Betaine (trimethylglycine, glycine betaine, lycine, oxyneurine), a methyl derivative of glycine first isolated from sugar beets, has been shown to have potential benefits for fighting heart disease, improving body composition, and helping promote muscle gain and fat loss because of its abilities to promote protein synthesis in the body.
In vitro
In vitro Betaine shows negligible cytotoxicity even after long-term exposure of cells. It is rich in abundant microorganisms, plants, and animals. In human serum, the resting concentration of betaine ranges from ~2.3 to 8.2 mg/L. As a well-known osmoprotectant, betaine is able to protect cells against osmotically induced inactivation. Betaine could work as a nontoxic CPA (Cryoprotectants) and enable cells to survive ultrarapid cryopreservation to achieve superior cell survival efficiency. It is found that cellular uptake of betaine is ultra-rapid for intracellular protection during the freezing process[1]. Betaine stabilizes corneal epithelial cell volume under hyperosmotic stress and limits hyperosmotic stress-induced HCLE apoptosis[3].
Cell Research Cell lines Human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells
Concentrations 5 or 10 mM
Incubation Time 16 h
Method Human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells exposed to culture medium for 16 h at 300 mOsm (isotonic) or 500 mOsm (hyperosmotic) in the presence or absence of betaine (5 or 10 mM) are evaluated for cell volume changes; cell viability; and apoptosis.
In Vivo
In vivo Betaine (glycine betaine or trimethylglycine) plays important roles as an osmolyte and a methyl donor in animals. In humans, betaine is obtained from the diet or from its metabolic precursor choline. Betaine is utilized as a methyl donor in a reaction that converts homocysteine into methionine via betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. Betaine also plays a role in osmotic regulation in the kidneys, which are routinely exposed to high extracellular osmolarity during normal operation of the urinary concentrating mechanism. Furthermore, dietary betaine suppresses the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) with oxidative stress, and the protein expression of proinflammatory molecules such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in aged rat kidneys. Betaine has protective effects against LPS-induced memory impairment that are mediated through unique mechanisms involving betaine actions on GAT2, which is involved in the development of memory impairment, without affecting proinflammatory molecules or glial markers[2].
Animal Research Animal Models Male ddY strain mice
Dosages 0.081, 0.163, or 0.326 mmol/kg
Administration s.c.
NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT05690724 Recruiting
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Mitocholine Ltd|Atlantia Food Clinical Trials
 January 9 2023 Not Applicable
NCT05242224 Recruiting
Growth Disorders|Malnutrition Fetal|Stunting|Development; Delayed Malnutrition|Nutrition Disorder Fetal|Maternal Nutritional Disorders Affecting Fetus or Newborn
Washington University School of Medicine|St. Louis Children''s Hospital|St. Louis University|Children''s Discovery Institute|Universidad San Francisco de Quito
 January 5 2022 Not Applicable
NCT05073523 Completed
Healthy
Chalmers University of Technology
 September 27 2021 Not Applicable
NCT05790070 Completed
Blood Flow Restriction Training|Betaine Supplementation
Baylor University
 February 1 2021 Not Applicable

Chemical Information & Solubility

Molecular Weight 117.15 Formula

C5H11NO2
CAS No. 107-43-7 SDF Download Betaine SDF Download Betaine SDF
Smiles C[N+](C)(C)CC(=O)[O-]
Storage (From the date of receipt)

In vitro
Batch:

Water : 23 mg/mL

Ethanol : 23 mg/mL

DMSO : 6 mg/mL ( (51.21 mM)； Moisture-absorbing DMSO reduces solubility. Please use fresh DMSO.)


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In vivo
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