Multiple clinical trials spanning Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 1/2 evaluate indications across hematologic malignancies—including acute myeloid, acute lymphocytic, and chronic myelogenous leukemias, as well as myelodysplasia—alongside psoriasis, Lyme disease, muscle spasticity, and healthy volunteers. Sponsored by commercial entities such as Galderma R&D, ModernaTX, Inc., and Otsuka Pharmaceutical, as well as academic institutions like the Masonic Cancer Center at the University of Minnesota, these studies encompass completed, terminated, and withdrawn recruitment statuses.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05975099 | COMPLETED | Lyme Disease |
ModernaTX, Inc. |
2023-07-26 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT04925921 | COMPLETED | Wrinkle; Benign Pigmented Lesion |
AVAVA, Inc. |
2021-05-10 | |
| NCT02765997 | WITHDRAWN | Acute Myeloid Leukemia; Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia; Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia; Myelodysplasia |
Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota |
2017-04 | PHASE2 |
| NCT03885882 | COMPLETED | Healthy Subjects |
Eisai Co., Ltd. |
2019-04-13 | PHASE1 |
| NCT02827513 | TERMINATED | Adult Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) |
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc. |
2015-12 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01744808 | COMPLETED | Normal, Healthy Volunteers |
Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc. |
2013-02-01 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00557973 | COMPLETED | Muscle Spasticity |
XenoPort, Inc. |
2007-12 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00934323 | COMPLETED | Healthy |
Handok Inc. |
2008-10 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00763555 | Completed | Psoriasis |
Galderma R&D |
2008-09 | Phase 2 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2026-07-30)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).
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