Clinical Trials

Multiple clinical trials evaluate the therapeutic profile of pixantrone maleate across Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3 studies for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, acute myelogenous leukemia, and metastatic breast cancer. Sponsored by both commercial entities and academic research organizations, these protocols report varied recruitment statuses, including completed, active non-recruiting, terminated, and withdrawn.

NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT03458260 COMPLETED
Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
The Lymphoma Academic Research Organisation
2018-12-26 PHASE2
NCT02678299 UNKNOWN
Malignant Lymphoma
University of Aarhus
2016-02 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT02499003 COMPLETED
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2015-08-14 PHASE2
NCT02800889 WITHDRAWN
Lymphoma; Solid Tumor (Excluding CNS)
CTI BioPharma
2016-10-24 PHASE1
NCT01321541 COMPLETED
Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma; de Novo DLBCL; DLBCL Transformed From Indolent Lymphoma; Follicular Grade 3 Lymphoma
CTI BioPharma
2011-04-20 PHASE3
NCT01632436 WITHDRAWN
Metastatic Cancer
CTI BioPharma
2012-05 PHASE1
NCT01491841 COMPLETED
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Anne Beaven, MD
2011-11-01 PHASE1
NCT00577161 WITHDRAWN
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
CTI BioPharma
2007-09 PHASE3
NCT00268853 COMPLETED
Diffuse Large-Cell Lymphoma
CTI BioPharma
2005-11 PHASE2
NCT01086605 COMPLETED
Breast Cancer
Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology
2010-05 PHASE2
NCT00088530 COMPLETED
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
CTI BioPharma
2004-07 PHASE3
NCT00060671 TERMINATED
Lymphoma, Follicular; Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell, Follicular; Lymphoma, Small Cleaved-Cell, Follicular; Lymphoma, Low-Grade
CTI BioPharma
2005-01 PHASE3
NCT00106600 Completed
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
CTI BioPharma
2005-03 Phase 1|Phase 2
NCT00060684 COMPLETED
Lymphoma, Low-Grade; Lymphoma, Small Lymphocytic; Lymphoma, Mixed-Cell, Follicular; Lymphoma, Small Cleaved-Cell, Follicular
CTI BioPharma
2001-12 PHASE1
NCT00060671 Terminated
Lymphoma Follicular|Lymphoma Mixed-Cell Follicular|Lymphoma Small Cleaved-Cell Follicular|Lymphoma Low-Grade
CTI BioPharma
2005-01 Phase 3
NCT00551239 WITHDRAWN
Leukemia; Lymphoma
CTI BioPharma
2007-08 PHASE3
NCT00069966 UNKNOWN
Lymphoma
Theradex
2003-04 PHASE2
NCT00053105 UNKNOWN
Lymphoma
Theradex
2002-02 PHASE1
NCT00106600 COMPLETED
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
CTI BioPharma
2005-03 PHASE1; PHASE2

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2026-03-10)

Check the Pixantrone Maleate product page for in-depth specifications, including solubility, stock solutions, MOA, and working concentrations.

Compliance for Clinical Use

Mechanism and Biochemical Profile

Pixantrone maleate acts as a weak topoisomerase II inhibitor and alkylating agent that targets DNA hypermethylated sites, forming stable DNA adducts that disrupt replication machinery to induce cellular apoptosis. This targeted DNA disruption suppresses rapidly proliferating neoplastic cells, underpinning its therapeutic relevance in treating hematologic malignancies such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acute myelogenous leukemia.

Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards

Quality Dimension RUO (Research Use Only) cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)
Clinical Applicability Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies.
Regulatory Status Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA).
Facility Environment Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring.
Quality Control Basic purity and activity testing. Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma).
Process Validation Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records.
Quality Assurance Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits.
Regulatory Impact High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF).

Footnotes

Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).

Note: Technical data last updated: Sep 1, 2026.