Nifurtimox has been evaluated across multiple clinical trials assessing its efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics in parasitic infections—primarily Chagas disease and human African trypanosomiasis—as well as pediatric solid tumors like neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. Spanning Phase 1 through Phase 4, these studies include completed, terminated, and not yet recruiting protocols. Investigations are funded by diverse sponsors, including pharmaceutical companies such as Bayer, non-profit organizations like Drugs for Neglected Diseases, and academic institutions including the University of Vermont and Epicentre.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03981523 | COMPLETED | Trypanosoma Cruzi Infection; Chagas Disease |
University of Texas, El Paso |
2019-12-18 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00601003 | COMPLETED | Neuroblastoma; Medulloblastoma |
Giselle Sholler |
2008-01-14 | PHASE2 |
| NCT03334838 | COMPLETED | Chagas' Disease |
Bayer |
2019-06-10 | PHASE1 |
| NCT03334838 | Completed | Chagas'' Disease |
Bayer |
2019-06-10 | Phase 1 |
| NCT03708133 | COMPLETED | Bioequivalence |
Bayer |
2018-12-05 | PHASE1 |
| NCT03350295 | COMPLETED | Chagas Disease |
Bayer |
2018-06-14 | PHASE1 |
| NCT02369978 | UNKNOWN | Chagas Disease |
Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga |
2015-08 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT02625974 | COMPLETED | Chagas Disease |
Bayer |
2016-01-27 | PHASE3 |
| NCT03350295 | Completed | Chagas Disease |
Bayer |
2018-06-14 | Phase 1 |
| NCT01685827 | COMPLETED | Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT); Sleeping Sickness |
Drugs for Neglected Diseases |
2012-10 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT02606864 | COMPLETED | Chagas Disease |
Bayer |
2015-12 | PHASE1 |
| NCT02625974 | Completed | Chagas Disease |
Bayer |
2016-01-27 | Phase 3 |
| NCT02606864 | Completed | Chagas Disease |
Bayer |
2015-12 | Phase 1 |
| NCT01927224 | COMPLETED | Chagas Disease |
Bayer |
2013-11 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00906880 | COMPLETED | Human African Trypanosomiasis |
Drugs for Neglected Diseases |
2009-04 | PHASE4 |
| NCT00146627 | COMPLETED | Trypanosomiasis, African |
Drugs for Neglected Diseases |
PHASE3 | |
| NCT00486564 | COMPLETED | Neuroblastoma |
University of Vermont |
2006-11 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00330148 | TERMINATED | Trypanosomiasis, African |
Epicentre |
2001-03 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00489658 | TERMINATED | Trypanosomiasis, African |
Epicentre |
2002-10 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-07-17)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).