Multiple clinical trials have evaluated motolimod across diverse oncological indications, including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, low-grade B-cell lymphoma, ovarian cancer, and advanced solid tumors. Ranging from Early Phase I to Phase I/II, these studies were sponsored by academic and pharmaceutical entities—such as Celgene, Stanford University, and Mayo Clinic—to test motolimod as monotherapy or alongside radiation and immune checkpoint inhibitors. While certain trials assessing pre-surgical biomarker modulation were terminated, others evaluating chemoimmunotherapy regimens have been completed.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04272333 | TERMINATED | HNSCC |
Presage Biosciences |
2021-10-15 | EARLY_PHASE1 |
| NCT03906526 | TERMINATED | Carcinoma, Squamous Cell |
Celgene |
2019-07-03 | PHASE1 |
| NCT03906526 | Terminated | Carcinoma Squamous Cell |
Celgene |
2019-07-03 | Phase 1 |
| NCT02431559 | COMPLETED | Ovarian Cancer |
Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research |
2015-12-02 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT02650635 | TERMINATED | Colorectal Adenocarcinoma; Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma; Recurrent Breast Carcinoma; Recurrent Colorectal Carcinoma; Recurrent Melanoma of the Skin; Recurrent Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Recurrent Pancreatic Carcinoma; Recurrent Renal Cell Carcinoma; Solid Neoplasm; Stage IV Breast Cancer; Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer; Stage IV Skin Melanoma; Stage IVA Colorectal Cancer; Stage IVA Pancreatic Cancer; Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer; Stage IVB Pancreatic Cancer |
Mayo Clinic |
2016-02-05 | PHASE1 |
| NCT02124850 | TERMINATED | Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck |
Celgene |
2014-10-28 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01289210 | Terminated | Low Grade B Cell Lymphoma |
Celgene|Stanford University |
2011-07 | Phase 1|Phase 2 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2022-04-14)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).