Several clinical trials evaluate the physiological and therapeutic effects of menthol across indications such as dyspnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tobacco use behaviors, and knee osteoarthritis pain. Sponsored by academic and governmental entities—including KU Leuven, Virginia Commonwealth University in collaboration with the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Memorial University of Newfoundland, and the University of Oklahoma—the studies range from non-interventional designs to Phase 2/Phase 3 trials. Encompassing actively recruiting, completed, and unknown recruitment statuses, these trials assess interventions such as menthol inhalation for dyspnea relief and topical menthol gel for osteoarthritis.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05785026 | Recruiting | Dyspnea|Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease |
KU Leuven |
2023-01-01 | Not Applicable |
| NCT05499377 | Recruiting | Tobacco Use |
Virginia Commonwealth University|National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) |
2022-11-28 | Not Applicable |
| NCT04351594 | Unknown status | Knee Osteoarthritis |
Memorial University of Newfoundland |
2020-11-01 | Phase 2|Phase 3 |
| NCT03953508 | Completed | Smoking Cigarette |
University of Oklahoma |
2020-08-01 | Not Applicable |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).