Isosulfan blue has been investigated in numerous clinical trials evaluating its utility as a diagnostic dye for intraoperative lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node detection. Clinical investigations encompass a broad range of oncological conditions, including breast cancer, endometrial carcinoma, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, head and neck cancer, and recurrent melanoma. These studies span Early Phase I through Phase III evaluations sponsored by academic institutions, research consortia, and medical technology companies such as the Gynecologic Oncology Group, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Stanford University. Protocol recruitment statuses across these studies include completed, active not recruiting, and terminated, with several trials comparing isosulfan blue to alternative fluorescence imaging agents like indocyanine green.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03927027 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Breast Cancer Stage I; Breast Cancer Stage II; Breast Cancer Stage III |
Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology |
2019-07-29 | PHASE3 |
| NCT07269860 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
University of Arizona |
2025-07-09 | |
| NCT05663112 | COMPLETED | Sentinel Lymph Node; Breast Cancer |
Manisa Celal Bayar University |
2021-12-06 | |
| NCT05859971 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
University of Wisconsin, Madison |
2023-04-13 | EARLY_PHASE1 |
| NCT01818739 | COMPLETED | Endometrial Cancer |
Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center |
2013-03 | |
| NCT01939028 | TERMINATED | Stage I Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage II Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage III Endometrial Carcinoma; Stage IV Endometrial Carcinoma |
Case Comprehensive Cancer Center |
2013-07 | |
| NCT02336737 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
Endomagnetics Inc |
2015-01 | |
| NCT02368067 | UNKNOWN | Endometrial Carcinoma |
Southeastern Regional Medical Center |
2014-06 | |
| NCT01771666 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
Stanford University |
2012-07 | PHASE2 |
| NCT02068820 | COMPLETED | Endometrial Cancer |
AdventHealth |
2012-09 | |
| NCT01038908 | UNKNOWN | Breast Cancer |
University of British Columbia |
2013-06 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01898403 | COMPLETED | Recurrent Melanoma |
Stanford University |
2013-06 | |
| NCT00932035 | TERMINATED | Breast Cancer |
City of Hope Medical Center |
2009-06 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00070317 | TERMINATED | Cervical Adenocarcinoma; Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma; Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Stage I Cervical Cancer |
Gynecologic Oncology Group |
2004-06 | |
| NCT00450723 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
University of Miami |
2004-05 | |
| NCT00717886 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer; Axillary Lymph Node Dissection |
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |
2008-06 | |
| NCT00625625 | UNKNOWN | Colorectal Cancer |
Saint John's Cancer Institute |
2004-03 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00438477 | COMPLETED | Breast Cancer |
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center |
2005-06 | |
| NCT00003186 | COMPLETED | Colorectal Cancer; Metastatic Cancer |
Roswell Park Cancer Institute |
1997-04 | |
| NCT00012168 | COMPLETED | Head and Neck Cancer |
NYU Langone Health |
1999-05 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2026-04-21)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).