Numerous clinical trials spanning Phase 1 through Phase 4 evaluate riboflavin phosphate sodium across ophthalmologic conditions—including keratoconus, corneal ectasia, infectious keratitis, and axial myopia—and gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease. Sponsored by diverse academic medical centers and specialized organizations, these investigations assess techniques like photochemical corneal collagen cross-linking across completed, recruiting, and withdrawn recruitment statuses. Overall, the evidence base highlights the compound's established utility in ocular tissue stabilization alongside exploratory applications in systemic health.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04094090 | RECRUITING | Keratoconus; Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration; Corneal Ectasia |
Goodman Eye Center |
2019-10-19 | PHASE2 |
| NCT04584125 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Keratoconus |
Joseph B. Ciolino, MD |
2027-01-01 | |
| NCT03041883 | RECRUITING | Corneal Melting in Boston Keratoprosthesis Type I |
Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) |
2017-01-04 | |
| NCT07629557 | RECRUITING | Keratoconus |
Glaukos Corporation |
2026-05-11 | PHASE4 |
| NCT07410052 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Cognitive Deficits, Mild |
Center for Health Sciences, Serbia |
2026-04-15 | |
| NCT04731727 | NOT_YET_RECRUITING | Keratoconus, Unstable |
Kent Wellish MD |
2021-06-30 | EARLY_PHASE1 |
| NCT07093463 | RECRUITING | Microbiome Dysbiosis; Gut Health |
dsm-firmenich Switzerland AG |
2025-07-18 | |
| NCT04787471 | RECRUITING | Corneal Neovascularization |
Price Vision Group |
2021-05-03 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT03922542 | RECRUITING | Keratoconus; Ectasia Corneal |
Price Vision Group |
2019-04-16 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT06100939 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Epion Therapeutics |
2023-10-30 | PHASE3 |
| NCT06100952 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Epion Therapeutics |
2023-11-01 | PHASE3 |
| NCT06260072 | RECRUITING | Concussion, Intermediate |
University of Virginia |
2020-02-10 | PHASE2 |
| NCT03012529 | COMPLETED | Osteomyelitis; Diabetes; Amputation |
VA Office of Research and Development |
2018-01-22 | PHASE4 |
| NCT05027295 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia |
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute |
2021-07-30 | PHASE3 |
| NCT04897503 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia |
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute |
2021-04-16 | PHASE3 |
| NCT04905108 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia |
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute |
2021-06-02 | PHASE3 |
| NCT07559149 | COMPLETED | Infected Corneal Ulcers; CXL |
Gadjah Mada University |
2024-07-07 | PHASE2 |
| NCT06425081 | COMPLETED | Microbial Colonization |
dsm-firmenich Switzerland AG |
2024-09-09 | |
| NCT01152541 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia |
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute |
2010-06 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01464268 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia |
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute |
2011-11 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01112072 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia |
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute |
2010-04 | PHASE3 |
| NCT04427956 | COMPLETED | Progressive Keratoconus |
Region Skane |
2017-05-23 | PHASE4 |
| NCT04667572 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus; Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration; Corneal Degeneration; Corneal Ectasia |
Cornea Associates of Texas |
2021-02-01 | PHASE1 |
| NCT04213885 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus, Unstable; Ectasia Corneal; Bacterial Keratitis |
Eye Specialists of Indiana |
2020-05-04 | PHASE2 |
| NCT05935787 | COMPLETED | Stroke |
POLYSAN Scientific & Technological Pharmaceutical Company |
2023-06-30 | PHASE3 |
| NCT05907850 | COMPLETED | Muscle Soreness |
Steven Moore |
2023-06-23 | EARLY_PHASE1 |
| NCT04097730 | COMPLETED | Keratitis Bacterial |
Thomas M. Lietman |
2020-09-24 | PHASE3 |
| NCT04631484 | COMPLETED | Head Trauma,Closed |
POLYSAN Scientific & Technological Pharmaceutical Company |
2020-11-22 | PHASE3 |
| NCT05881187 | UNKNOWN | Infectoius Keratitis |
Sohag University |
2023-06-15 | |
| NCT05457647 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Regensight |
2022-04-27 | |
| NCT06535555 | WITHDRAWN | Surgical Procedure, Unspecified |
Activ Surgical |
2023-03 | |
| NCT05255107 | UNKNOWN | Keratitis; Corneal Ulcer |
Peschke GmbH |
2022-03-14 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT05255016 | UNKNOWN | Keratitis; Corneal Ulcer |
Peschke GmbH |
2022-03-14 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT05803811 | COMPLETED | Quality of Life |
dsm-firmenich Switzerland AG |
2022-12-12 | |
| NCT05488106 | UNKNOWN | Blood Pressure; Hypertension |
University of Ulster |
2022-09-01 | |
| NCT01789333 | WITHDRAWN | Keratoconus; Ectasia |
Stephen Trokel |
2010-09-01 | |
| NCT04232800 | UNKNOWN | Alcohol Withdrawal; Nutrition Disorders; Alcohol Use Disorder |
Oregon Health and Science University |
2021-12-01 | PHASE2 |
| NCT04723836 | ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING | Blood Pressure; Pregnancy |
University of Ulster |
2017-03-01 | |
| NCT04401865 | UNKNOWN | Corneal Ectasia; Keratoconus; Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration |
Colorado Eye Consultants/Cornea Consultants of Colorado |
2020-06-01 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT04177082 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus; Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration; Corneal Degeneration; Corneal Ectasia |
Cornea Associates of Texas |
2020-01-10 | PHASE1 |
| NCT04481841 | UNKNOWN | Burning Mouth Syndrome; Oral Mucosa Disease |
Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine |
2020-07-27 | EARLY_PHASE1 |
| NCT03801590 | UNKNOWN | Infectious Keratitis |
Assiut University |
2021-12-01 | |
| NCT04669119 | UNKNOWN | Breast Cancer Female; Pain, Postoperative |
University of Bari Aldo Moro |
2020-12-31 | PHASE4 |
| NCT03552016 | WITHDRAWN | Axial Myopia; Refractive Errors |
University of Missouri-Columbia |
2018-10-10 | PHASE2 |
| NCT03089671 | COMPLETED | Pelvic Floor Disorders; Ureter; Kink |
Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada |
2017-12-07 | |
| NCT02863809 | COMPLETED | Keratolysis |
Joseph B. Ciolino, MD |
2017-03-15 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT04649203 | COMPLETED | Diabetic Neuropathies |
POLYSAN Scientific & Technological Pharmaceutical Company |
2020-11-25 | PHASE3 |
| NCT03095235 | TERMINATED | Keratoconus; Cornea Ectasia |
University of Missouri-Columbia |
2017-05-01 | |
| NCT05019768 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Ciro Caruso |
2017-09-01 | |
| NCT01081561 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Ectasia |
Yaron S. Rabinowitz M.D. |
2009-01-21 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT03432572 | COMPLETED | Ureteral Injury |
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center |
2018-06-27 | EARLY_PHASE1 |
| NCT02622386 | COMPLETED | Psoriasis |
University of Michigan |
2016-08-11 | PHASE2 |
| NCT03187912 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Medical University of Vienna |
2016-09-19 | PHASE3 |
| NCT04062435 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Luzerner Kantonsspital |
2019-12-01 | |
| NCT03190044 | UNKNOWN | Migraine Disorders |
University of Roma La Sapienza |
2017-06-06 | |
| NCT02514200 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus |
Umeå University |
2014-03 | PHASE2 |
| NCT03245853 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus; Keratoconus, Unstable |
Comprehensive EyeCare of Central Ohio |
2017-07-18 | PHASE4 |
| NCT04278378 | COMPLETED | Blood Pressure |
University of Ulster |
2011-06-28 | |
| NCT02324153 | COMPLETED | Delirium; Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders; Delayed Emergence From Anesthesia; Cognitive Disorders |
Johns Hopkins University |
2017-03-24 | PHASE2 |
| NCT03151096 | TERMINATED | High Blood Pressure; MTHFR C677T Genotype |
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine |
2018-05-02 | |
| NCT03760770 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Crosslinking |
Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana |
2018-02-01 | |
| NCT02772237 | UNKNOWN | Sports-related Concussion |
University of Virginia |
2016-08 | PHASE2 |
| NCT02929459 | COMPLETED | Gut Microbiota |
dsm-firmenich Switzerland AG |
2016-11-01 | PHASE2 |
| NCT03426553 | COMPLETED | Oncologic Disorders; Hematologic Diseases |
Federal Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology |
2018-01-15 | PHASE3 |
| NCT02463513 | UNKNOWN | Participants With the MTHFR 677TT Genotype |
University of Ulster |
2013-02 | |
| NCT01672814 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute |
2012-08 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01143389 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus; Post-Refractive Ectasia |
Price Vision Group |
2010-05 | PHASE2 |
| NCT02538354 | COMPLETED | Crohn Disease |
University Medical Center Groningen |
2016-03 | |
| NCT01956474 | TERMINATED | Keratoconus |
Cxlusa |
2013-01 | PHASE2 |
| NCT02009709 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia |
Robert Mack, M.D. |
2013-10 | PHASE1 |
| NCT02769494 | WITHDRAWN | Crohn's Disease; Oral Ulcer |
Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases |
2016-03 | PHASE3 |
| NCT02883478 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia |
Oslo University Hospital |
2012-08 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT02095730 | UNKNOWN | Unstable Corneas |
Crowd Health Research, LTD |
2014-05 | PHASE3 |
| NCT02475343 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus |
Zhiwei Li |
2015-02 | |
| NCT02344238 | COMPLETED | Medication Adherence |
Medical University of South Carolina |
2015-07 | |
| NCT02762253 | TERMINATED | Keratoconus |
Nvision Laser Eye Centers |
2012-09 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01972854 | TERMINATED | Keratoconus |
Glaukos Corporation |
2013-11 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01381354 | COMPLETED | Multiple Sclerosis |
University of Iowa |
2010-10 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01459679 | TERMINATED | Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia |
American-European Congress of Ophthalmic Surgery |
2012-07 | PHASE3 |
| NCT02276989 | WITHDRAWN | Compliance; Chronic Pain |
Georgetown University |
2014-12 | PHASE2 |
| NCT02638376 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Post LASIK Keratectasia |
Singapore Eye Research Institute |
2013-03 | PHASE3 |
| NCT02068430 | COMPLETED | Corneal Ulcers |
Stephen Trokel |
2008-11 | PHASE1 |
| NCT02446977 | COMPLETED | Ischemic Stroke |
Castillo, José, M.D. |
2015-03 | PHASE2 |
| NCT02507362 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus |
Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
2014-08 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT02235337 | COMPLETED | Sports Related Concussion |
University of Virginia |
2014-09 | |
| NCT01643226 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Glaukos Corporation |
2012-07 | PHASE3 |
| NCT02415777 | COMPLETED | Fatigue |
Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD. |
2014-10 | PHASE4 |
| NCT03598634 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
University of Molise |
2014-06-01 | |
| NCT01344187 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Glaukos Corporation |
2012-07 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01893359 | TERMINATED | Hyperopia; Hyperopic Astigmatism |
Glaukos Corporation |
2013-08 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT02456961 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Ufa Eye Research Institute |
2010-01 | |
| NCT02349165 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Nienke Soeters |
2011-05 | |
| NCT01741558 | UNKNOWN | Myocardial Infarction |
Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul |
2013-04 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01739673 | COMPLETED | Infectious Keratitis |
Cxlusa |
2011-08 | |
| NCT01582880 | COMPLETED | Chemical Injuries; Unspecified Complication of Corneal Transplant; Autoimmune Diseases; Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid; Stevens Johnson Syndrome; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Other Autoimmune Diseases |
Joseph B. Ciolino, MD |
2012-03 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT01325298 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus; Ectasia; Corneal Ectasia |
Mercy Center for Corrective Eye Surgery |
2011-03 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00912509 | TERMINATED | Infectious Keratitis |
Price Vision Group |
2009-05 | |
| NCT00626717 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
University Hospital Freiburg |
2007-08 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT01398839 | TERMINATED | Ectasia |
Topcon Medical Systems, Inc. |
2010-12 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01398852 | TERMINATED | Keratoconus and Ectasia |
Topcon Medical Systems, Inc. |
2010-12 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01190306 | TERMINATED | Keratoconus |
Topcon Medical Systems, Inc. |
2010-08 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00841386 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus |
University at Buffalo |
2008-09 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT00674661 | COMPLETED | Ectasia |
Glaukos Corporation |
2007-12 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01485211 | COMPLETED | Progressive Keratoconus; Thin Corneas |
Instituto de Olhos de Goiania |
2010-01 | PHASE4 |
| NCT00647699 | COMPLETED | Progressive Keratoconus |
Glaukos Corporation |
2007-12 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00777322 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus; Pellucid Marginal Degeneration |
Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust |
2008-10 | |
| NCT01123057 | UNKNOWN | Corneal Ectasia |
Singapore National Eye Centre |
2008-08 | |
| NCT00890266 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust |
2009-04-22 | |
| NCT00679666 | WITHDRAWN | Progressive Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia |
Ohio State University |
2008-04 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT00815256 | UNKNOWN | Cornea Degeneration; Progressive Keratoconus |
Federal University of São Paulo |
2008-08 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00435799 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus |
Ullevaal University Hospital |
2007-02 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT00642044 | UNKNOWN | Keratoconus |
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro |
2007-02 | |
| NCT00832897 | COMPLETED | Keratoconus |
Federal University of São Paulo |
2008-03 | |
| NCT00202228 | COMPLETED | HIV Infections; AIDS; Lactic Acidosis; Lipodystrophy |
Queen's University |
2002-07 | PHASE4 |
| NCT00143702 | COMPLETED | Acidosis, Lactic |
University of British Columbia |
2001-08 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT00031057 | COMPLETED | HIV Infections |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
||
| NCT01307527 | UNKNOWN | Brittle Cornea Syndrome; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type 6 |
Hadassah Medical Organization |
||
| NCT00037063 | WITHDRAWN | HIV Infections |
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) |
||
| NCT01643252 | WITHDRAWN | Corneal Ectasia |
Glaukos Corporation |
2012-07 | PHASE3 |
| NCT00220532 | TERMINATED | Cervical Cancer |
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust |
2005-07 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00925327 | UNKNOWN | Progressive Keratoconus |
Peschke Meditrade, GmbH |
PHASE2 | |
| NCT01106274 | COMPLETED | Bullous Keratopathy |
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences |
2008-11 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2025-10-20)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).
- Riboflavin phosphate sodium Solubility in DMSO
- Riboflavin phosphate sodium Stock Solution
- Riboflavin phosphate sodium Storage
- Riboflavin phosphate sodium Stability
- Riboflavin phosphate sodium Molecular Weight
- Riboflavin phosphate sodium CAS Number
- Riboflavin phosphate sodium Chemical Structure (2D and 3D)
- Riboflavin phosphate sodium SDS|MSDS