Clinical Trials

Numerous clinical trials spanning Phase 1 through Phase 4 evaluate riboflavin phosphate sodium across ophthalmologic conditions—including keratoconus, corneal ectasia, infectious keratitis, and axial myopia—and gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease. Sponsored by diverse academic medical centers and specialized organizations, these investigations assess techniques like photochemical corneal collagen cross-linking across completed, recruiting, and withdrawn recruitment statuses. Overall, the evidence base highlights the compound's established utility in ocular tissue stabilization alongside exploratory applications in systemic health.

NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT04094090 RECRUITING
Keratoconus; Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration; Corneal Ectasia
Goodman Eye Center
2019-10-19 PHASE2
NCT04584125 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Keratoconus
Joseph B. Ciolino, MD
2027-01-01
NCT03041883 RECRUITING
Corneal Melting in Boston Keratoprosthesis Type I
Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)
2017-01-04
NCT07629557 RECRUITING
Keratoconus
Glaukos Corporation
2026-05-11 PHASE4
NCT07410052 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Cognitive Deficits, Mild
Center for Health Sciences, Serbia
2026-04-15
NCT04731727 NOT_YET_RECRUITING
Keratoconus, Unstable
Kent Wellish MD
2021-06-30 EARLY_PHASE1
NCT07093463 RECRUITING
Microbiome Dysbiosis; Gut Health
dsm-firmenich Switzerland AG
2025-07-18
NCT04787471 RECRUITING
Corneal Neovascularization
Price Vision Group
2021-05-03 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT03922542 RECRUITING
Keratoconus; Ectasia Corneal
Price Vision Group
2019-04-16 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT06100939 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Epion Therapeutics
2023-10-30 PHASE3
NCT06100952 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Epion Therapeutics
2023-11-01 PHASE3
NCT06260072 RECRUITING
Concussion, Intermediate
University of Virginia
2020-02-10 PHASE2
NCT03012529 COMPLETED
Osteomyelitis; Diabetes; Amputation
VA Office of Research and Development
2018-01-22 PHASE4
NCT05027295 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute
2021-07-30 PHASE3
NCT04897503 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute
2021-04-16 PHASE3
NCT04905108 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute
2021-06-02 PHASE3
NCT07559149 COMPLETED
Infected Corneal Ulcers; CXL
Gadjah Mada University
2024-07-07 PHASE2
NCT06425081 COMPLETED
Microbial Colonization
dsm-firmenich Switzerland AG
2024-09-09
NCT01152541 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute
2010-06 PHASE3
NCT01464268 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute
2011-11 PHASE3
NCT01112072 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute
2010-04 PHASE3
NCT04427956 COMPLETED
Progressive Keratoconus
Region Skane
2017-05-23 PHASE4
NCT04667572 COMPLETED
Keratoconus; Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration; Corneal Degeneration; Corneal Ectasia
Cornea Associates of Texas
2021-02-01 PHASE1
NCT04213885 COMPLETED
Keratoconus, Unstable; Ectasia Corneal; Bacterial Keratitis
Eye Specialists of Indiana
2020-05-04 PHASE2
NCT05935787 COMPLETED
Stroke
POLYSAN Scientific & Technological Pharmaceutical Company
2023-06-30 PHASE3
NCT05907850 COMPLETED
Muscle Soreness
Steven Moore
2023-06-23 EARLY_PHASE1
NCT04097730 COMPLETED
Keratitis Bacterial
Thomas M. Lietman
2020-09-24 PHASE3
NCT04631484 COMPLETED
Head Trauma,Closed
POLYSAN Scientific & Technological Pharmaceutical Company
2020-11-22 PHASE3
NCT05881187 UNKNOWN
Infectoius Keratitis
Sohag University
2023-06-15
NCT05457647 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Regensight
2022-04-27
NCT06535555 WITHDRAWN
Surgical Procedure, Unspecified
Activ Surgical
2023-03
NCT05255107 UNKNOWN
Keratitis; Corneal Ulcer
Peschke GmbH
2022-03-14 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT05255016 UNKNOWN
Keratitis; Corneal Ulcer
Peschke GmbH
2022-03-14 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT05803811 COMPLETED
Quality of Life
dsm-firmenich Switzerland AG
2022-12-12
NCT05488106 UNKNOWN
Blood Pressure; Hypertension
University of Ulster
2022-09-01
NCT01789333 WITHDRAWN
Keratoconus; Ectasia
Stephen Trokel
2010-09-01
NCT04232800 UNKNOWN
Alcohol Withdrawal; Nutrition Disorders; Alcohol Use Disorder
Oregon Health and Science University
2021-12-01 PHASE2
NCT04723836 ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING
Blood Pressure; Pregnancy
University of Ulster
2017-03-01
NCT04401865 UNKNOWN
Corneal Ectasia; Keratoconus; Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration
Colorado Eye Consultants/Cornea Consultants of Colorado
2020-06-01 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT04177082 COMPLETED
Keratoconus; Pellucid Marginal Corneal Degeneration; Corneal Degeneration; Corneal Ectasia
Cornea Associates of Texas
2020-01-10 PHASE1
NCT04481841 UNKNOWN
Burning Mouth Syndrome; Oral Mucosa Disease
Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine
2020-07-27 EARLY_PHASE1
NCT03801590 UNKNOWN
Infectious Keratitis
Assiut University
2021-12-01
NCT04669119 UNKNOWN
Breast Cancer Female; Pain, Postoperative
University of Bari Aldo Moro
2020-12-31 PHASE4
NCT03552016 WITHDRAWN
Axial Myopia; Refractive Errors
University of Missouri-Columbia
2018-10-10 PHASE2
NCT03089671 COMPLETED
Pelvic Floor Disorders; Ureter; Kink
Mount Sinai Hospital, Canada
2017-12-07
NCT02863809 COMPLETED
Keratolysis
Joseph B. Ciolino, MD
2017-03-15 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT04649203 COMPLETED
Diabetic Neuropathies
POLYSAN Scientific & Technological Pharmaceutical Company
2020-11-25 PHASE3
NCT03095235 TERMINATED
Keratoconus; Cornea Ectasia
University of Missouri-Columbia
2017-05-01
NCT05019768 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Ciro Caruso
2017-09-01
NCT01081561 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Ectasia
Yaron S. Rabinowitz M.D.
2009-01-21 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT03432572 COMPLETED
Ureteral Injury
Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center
2018-06-27 EARLY_PHASE1
NCT02622386 COMPLETED
Psoriasis
University of Michigan
2016-08-11 PHASE2
NCT03187912 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Medical University of Vienna
2016-09-19 PHASE3
NCT04062435 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Luzerner Kantonsspital
2019-12-01
NCT03190044 UNKNOWN
Migraine Disorders
University of Roma La Sapienza
2017-06-06
NCT02514200 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus
Umeå University
2014-03 PHASE2
NCT03245853 COMPLETED
Keratoconus; Keratoconus, Unstable
Comprehensive EyeCare of Central Ohio
2017-07-18 PHASE4
NCT04278378 COMPLETED
Blood Pressure
University of Ulster
2011-06-28
NCT02324153 COMPLETED
Delirium; Delirium, Dementia, Amnestic, Cognitive Disorders; Delayed Emergence From Anesthesia; Cognitive Disorders
Johns Hopkins University
2017-03-24 PHASE2
NCT03151096 TERMINATED
High Blood Pressure; MTHFR C677T Genotype
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
2018-05-02
NCT03760770 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Crosslinking
Instituto de Oftalmología Fundación Conde de Valenciana
2018-02-01
NCT02772237 UNKNOWN
Sports-related Concussion
University of Virginia
2016-08 PHASE2
NCT02929459 COMPLETED
Gut Microbiota
dsm-firmenich Switzerland AG
2016-11-01 PHASE2
NCT03426553 COMPLETED
Oncologic Disorders; Hematologic Diseases
Federal Research Institute of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology
2018-01-15 PHASE3
NCT02463513 UNKNOWN
Participants With the MTHFR 677TT Genotype
University of Ulster
2013-02
NCT01672814 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Cornea and Laser Eye Institute
2012-08 PHASE3
NCT01143389 COMPLETED
Keratoconus; Post-Refractive Ectasia
Price Vision Group
2010-05 PHASE2
NCT02538354 COMPLETED
Crohn Disease
University Medical Center Groningen
2016-03
NCT01956474 TERMINATED
Keratoconus
Cxlusa
2013-01 PHASE2
NCT02009709 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia
Robert Mack, M.D.
2013-10 PHASE1
NCT02769494 WITHDRAWN
Crohn's Disease; Oral Ulcer
Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases
2016-03 PHASE3
NCT02883478 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia
Oslo University Hospital
2012-08 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT02095730 UNKNOWN
Unstable Corneas
Crowd Health Research, LTD
2014-05 PHASE3
NCT02475343 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus
Zhiwei Li
2015-02
NCT02344238 COMPLETED
Medication Adherence
Medical University of South Carolina
2015-07
NCT02762253 TERMINATED
Keratoconus
Nvision Laser Eye Centers
2012-09 PHASE2
NCT01972854 TERMINATED
Keratoconus
Glaukos Corporation
2013-11 PHASE3
NCT01381354 COMPLETED
Multiple Sclerosis
University of Iowa
2010-10 PHASE1
NCT01459679 TERMINATED
Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia
American-European Congress of Ophthalmic Surgery
2012-07 PHASE3
NCT02276989 WITHDRAWN
Compliance; Chronic Pain
Georgetown University
2014-12 PHASE2
NCT02638376 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Post LASIK Keratectasia
Singapore Eye Research Institute
2013-03 PHASE3
NCT02068430 COMPLETED
Corneal Ulcers
Stephen Trokel
2008-11 PHASE1
NCT02446977 COMPLETED
Ischemic Stroke
Castillo, José, M.D.
2015-03 PHASE2
NCT02507362 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2014-08 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT02235337 COMPLETED
Sports Related Concussion
University of Virginia
2014-09
NCT01643226 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Glaukos Corporation
2012-07 PHASE3
NCT02415777 COMPLETED
Fatigue
Daewoong Pharmaceutical Co. LTD.
2014-10 PHASE4
NCT03598634 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
University of Molise
2014-06-01
NCT01344187 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Glaukos Corporation
2012-07 PHASE3
NCT01893359 TERMINATED
Hyperopia; Hyperopic Astigmatism
Glaukos Corporation
2013-08 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT02456961 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Ufa Eye Research Institute
2010-01
NCT02349165 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Nienke Soeters
2011-05
NCT01741558 UNKNOWN
Myocardial Infarction
Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul
2013-04 PHASE2
NCT01739673 COMPLETED
Infectious Keratitis
Cxlusa
2011-08
NCT01582880 COMPLETED
Chemical Injuries; Unspecified Complication of Corneal Transplant; Autoimmune Diseases; Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid; Stevens Johnson Syndrome; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Rheumatoid Arthritis; Other Autoimmune Diseases
Joseph B. Ciolino, MD
2012-03 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT01325298 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus; Ectasia; Corneal Ectasia
Mercy Center for Corrective Eye Surgery
2011-03 PHASE2
NCT00912509 TERMINATED
Infectious Keratitis
Price Vision Group
2009-05
NCT00626717 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
University Hospital Freiburg
2007-08 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT01398839 TERMINATED
Ectasia
Topcon Medical Systems, Inc.
2010-12 PHASE3
NCT01398852 TERMINATED
Keratoconus and Ectasia
Topcon Medical Systems, Inc.
2010-12 PHASE3
NCT01190306 TERMINATED
Keratoconus
Topcon Medical Systems, Inc.
2010-08 PHASE3
NCT00841386 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus
University at Buffalo
2008-09 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00674661 COMPLETED
Ectasia
Glaukos Corporation
2007-12 PHASE3
NCT01485211 COMPLETED
Progressive Keratoconus; Thin Corneas
Instituto de Olhos de Goiania
2010-01 PHASE4
NCT00647699 COMPLETED
Progressive Keratoconus
Glaukos Corporation
2007-12 PHASE3
NCT00777322 COMPLETED
Keratoconus; Pellucid Marginal Degeneration
Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
2008-10
NCT01123057 UNKNOWN
Corneal Ectasia
Singapore National Eye Centre
2008-08
NCT00890266 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
2009-04-22
NCT00679666 WITHDRAWN
Progressive Keratoconus; Corneal Ectasia
Ohio State University
2008-04 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00815256 UNKNOWN
Cornea Degeneration; Progressive Keratoconus
Federal University of São Paulo
2008-08 PHASE3
NCT00435799 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus
Ullevaal University Hospital
2007-02 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00642044 UNKNOWN
Keratoconus
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
2007-02
NCT00832897 COMPLETED
Keratoconus
Federal University of São Paulo
2008-03
NCT00202228 COMPLETED
HIV Infections; AIDS; Lactic Acidosis; Lipodystrophy
Queen's University
2002-07 PHASE4
NCT00143702 COMPLETED
Acidosis, Lactic
University of British Columbia
2001-08 PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00031057 COMPLETED
HIV Infections
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
NCT01307527 UNKNOWN
Brittle Cornea Syndrome; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type 6
Hadassah Medical Organization
NCT00037063 WITHDRAWN
HIV Infections
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
NCT01643252 WITHDRAWN
Corneal Ectasia
Glaukos Corporation
2012-07 PHASE3
NCT00220532 TERMINATED
Cervical Cancer
Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
2005-07 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT00925327 UNKNOWN
Progressive Keratoconus
Peschke Meditrade, GmbH
PHASE2
NCT01106274 COMPLETED
Bullous Keratopathy
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2008-11

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2025-10-20)

Check the Riboflavin phosphate sodium product page for in-depth specifications, including solubility, stock solutions, MOA, and working concentrations.

Compliance for Clinical Use

Mechanism and Biochemical Profile

Riboflavin phosphate sodium functions as an essential cofactor for flavin-dependent oxidoreductases and acts as a photosensitizer that generates reactive oxygen species upon blue-light or ultraviolet photoactivation. This photochemical reaction induces covalent cross-linking among corneal collagen fibrils, enhancing stromal biomechanical stability to halt disease progression in clinical conditions such as keratoconus and corneal ectasia.

Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards

Quality Dimension RUO (Research Use Only) cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)
Clinical Applicability Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies.
Regulatory Status Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA).
Facility Environment Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring.
Quality Control Basic purity and activity testing. Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma).
Process Validation Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records.
Quality Assurance Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits.
Regulatory Impact High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF).

Footnotes

Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).

Note: Technical data last updated: Sep 1, 2026.