Escitalopram Clinical Trials

Size	Price	Qty
5mg	USD 197
25mg	USD 497

Clinical Trials

Escitalopram has been evaluated in numerous clinical trials spanning Early Phase 1 through Phase 4, investigating psychiatric and neurological conditions—such as major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, ischemic stroke, and Alzheimer's-associated depressive symptoms—alongside pharmacokinetic studies in healthy volunteers. Funded by both academic institutions and commercial pharmaceutical sponsors, these studies encompass diverse recruitment statuses, including actively recruiting, completed, active non-recruiting, terminated, and withdrawn protocols.

NCT Number	Recruitment	Conditions	Sponsor/Collaborators	Start Date	Phases
NCT06433635	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Bipolar I Disorder; Depression	Massachusetts General Hospital	2024-10-01	PHASE4
NCT05901571	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Depressive Disorder, Major	Shanghai 7th People's Hospital	2026-11
NCT05017311	RECRUITING	Major Depressive Disorder	Nova Scotia Health Authority	2023-01-20	PHASE4
NCT06216535	RECRUITING	Asthma	University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center	2025-05-19	PHASE2
NCT05973786	RECRUITING	Bipolar Depression	Dr. Inge Winter	2025-02-11	PHASE3
NCT05603104	RECRUITING	Schizophrenia and Related Disorders; Major Depressive Disorder; Bipolar Depression	Dr. Inge Winter	2025-04-27	PHASE3
NCT04336228	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/High Compulsive Individuals; Healthy Individuals	Rigshospitalet, Denmark	2020-04-01	PHASE4
NCT07478796	RECRUITING	Depression - Major Depressive Disorder; Depressive Episodes	Poznan University of Medical Sciences	2025-04-03	PHASE4
NCT06210321	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Pharmacogenetic Testing	Chantal Csajka	2025-08-15
NCT07139834	RECRUITING	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	Jeffrey Miller	2026-06-01	PHASE1
NCT03728673	RECRUITING	Glioma of Brain; Glioma	University of Nebraska	2019-03-06	PHASE2
NCT03843463	RECRUITING	Aphasia; Stroke	Johns Hopkins University	2021-07-18	PHASE2
NCT07645807	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Adjunct in the Treatment of Depressive Disorder	Sichuan Credit Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	2026-06-11
NCT05004987	RECRUITING	Alzheimer Disease; Major Depressive Disorder	NYU Langone Health	2022-02-04	PHASE4
NCT07025590	RECRUITING	Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD); Depression Anxiety Disorder	Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital	2025-04-22
NCT07480525	RECRUITING	Depression - Major Depressive Disorder	Peking University	2026-03-20
NCT05480150	RECRUITING	Major Depressive Disorder; Bipolar Disorder, Mixed; Affective; Disorder, Organic	First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University	2021-11-01
NCT06826326	ENROLLING_BY_INVITATION	Autism Spectrum Disorder	Kathryn Unruh	2025-04-28	PHASE2
NCT05737511	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Panic Disorder	Sultan Qaboos University	2023-12-30	PHASE4
NCT07331987	RECRUITING	Anxiety Depression	Moon (Guangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	2026-06-15
NCT06705478	SUSPENDED	Major Depressive Disorder; Mild Neurocognitive Disorder; HIV	National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)	2026-05-17	PHASE2
NCT07432815	RECRUITING	Depression; Anxiety; Psoriasis	Cairo University	2026-02-01	PHASE4
NCT06796946	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Deprescription; Antidepressants	University of Huelva	2026-06	EARLY_PHASE1
NCT06675851	RECRUITING	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	Medical University of Vienna	2022-12-01	PHASE4
NCT05866575	RECRUITING	Major Depressive Disorder	Centre Hospitalier St Anne	2023-09-12
NCT06828887	RECRUITING	MDD	Vigonvita Life Sciences	2025-04-03	PHASE2
NCT04623099	RECRUITING	Anxiety	University of Cincinnati	2021-03-08	PHASE4
NCT06692361	RECRUITING	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); Depression - Major Depressive Disorder	Gang Wang	2025-01-01
NCT06937476	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); Rumination	Central South University	2025-05-08
NCT07590609	COMPLETED	Liver-Stagnation and Spleen-Deficiency; Severe Major Depression Disorder	Peking University Sixth Hospital	2023-05-23	PHASE4
NCT05818735	UNKNOWN	Depression	Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine	2023-12-01
NCT06965569	COMPLETED	Treatment Resistant Depression	Alar Pharmaceuticals Inc.	2025-04-21	PHASE1
NCT06696482	NOT_YET_RECRUITING	Effort Based Decision Making; Prosocial Behavior; Apathy	University of Oxford	2025-01	PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT04245748	UNKNOWN	Anxious Depression; Depression	University of Cincinnati	2020-03-01	PHASE4
NCT04245436	UNKNOWN	Anxiety; Depressive Symptoms	University of Cincinnati	2020-01-01	PHASE4
NCT05536414	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.	2022-09-12	PHASE2
NCT07628153	COMPLETED	Anxiety Disorders	I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University	2022-07-11	PHASE4
NCT06476509	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Vigonvita Life Sciences	2024-05-30	PHASE1
NCT05945342	UNKNOWN	Depressive Disorder; Adolescent	First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University	2023-01-31
NCT04156425	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder	Shanghai Mental Health Center	2020-07-01
NCT04410341	WITHDRAWN	Major Depressive Disorder	Sadat City University	2020-05-01	PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT05389046	UNKNOWN	Outpatients / Inpatients With Depression	Peking University	2022-08-15
NCT06680531	COMPLETED	Insomnia; Central Nervous System	Shanghai Haiyan Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.	2024-08-31	PHASE1
NCT06500624	COMPLETED	Depression	Riphah International University	2024-06-03
NCT04301271	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder, Major; Obesity	Charite University, Berlin, Germany	2020-08-13	PHASE2
NCT03108846	ACTIVE_NOT_RECRUITING	Dementia	JHSPH Center for Clinical Trials	2018-01-03	PHASE3
NCT06758167	COMPLETED	Major Depression	Peking University Sixth Hospital	2020-11-14
NCT06025474	UNKNOWN	Burning Mouth Syndrome	Federico II University	2023-01-01	PHASE3
NCT05470465	COMPLETED	Hypercapnia; Ventilatory Depression	Food and Drug Administration (FDA)	2022-09-01	PHASE1
NCT05289830	TERMINATED	Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; Periampullary Cancer	Case Comprehensive Cancer Center	2022-08-05	PHASE2
NCT03128021	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Howard Aizenstein	2017-05-24	PHASE4
NCT04388202	WITHDRAWN	Major Depressive Disorder	Alto Neuroscience	2020-10-15	PHASE4
NCT05588102	COMPLETED	Geriatric Depression; Cognitive Impairment	Capital Medical University	2021-05-18
NCT03527043	TERMINATED	Sperm DNA Fragmentation; Infertility, Male	Weill Medical College of Cornell University	2017-10-01	PHASE2
NCT05480878	COMPLETED	Rheumatoid Arthritis	Tanta University	2022-12-02	PHASE3
NCT03779789	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona	2019-02-01	PHASE4
NCT03652870	COMPLETED	Depression; Parkinson Disease	University College, London	2021-03-05	PHASE3
NCT04977232	COMPLETED	Depression	Central South University	2021-09-09
NCT03623711	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder; Depression, Unipolar	Yuqi Cheng	2018-08-01	EARLY_PHASE1
NCT04162522	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	University Health Network, Toronto	2019-12-23	PHASE3
NCT05145270	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder	Shanghai Mental Health Center	2019-11-30	PHASE4
NCT06325605	COMPLETED	Adolescent Depression	Zhen-Hong Hu	2022-03-01
NCT04239339	COMPLETED	Healthy	Rigshospitalet, Denmark	2020-04-28	PHASE4
NCT05950061	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	KRL Hospital, Islamabad	2022-06-01	PHASE3
NCT04352101	COMPLETED	Major Depression	Emory University	2020-09-23	PHASE4
NCT02389465	COMPLETED	Depression; Inflammation	University of Pennsylvania	2014-08	PHASE4
NCT02553161	COMPLETED	Depression; Anxiety; Bipolar Disorder	University of Cincinnati	2015-12
NCT07074652	COMPLETED	Anxiety	UCLH/UCL Joint Research Office	2017-12-01
NCT02532660	TERMINATED	Depression	Laboratório Catarinense SA	2018-07-02	PHASE3
NCT07077291	COMPLETED	Treatment-resistant Depression (TRD)	Yun Zhang	2020-02-01
NCT02620150	COMPLETED	Depression; HIV; AIDS	University of Pennsylvania	2017-02-16	PHASE4
NCT03993457	TERMINATED	Depression	University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center	2019-07-23	PHASE4
NCT03899194	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder	Shanghai Mental Health Center	2019-01-01
NCT04069819	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Sadat City University	2019-08-01
NCT03148522	UNKNOWN	Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression	Peking University	2017-06-01
NCT04763135	TERMINATED	Cancer; Neoplasms; Neoplasm Metastasis	Hospices Civils de Lyon	2021-12-15	PHASE3
NCT03346239	COMPLETED	Social Anxiety Disorder	Tel Aviv University	2018-07-20
NCT03522844	COMPLETED	Anxiety Disorders; Generalized Anxiety Disorder; Panic Disorder; Social Anxiety Disorder; Agoraphobia	Georgetown University	2018-06-18	PHASE4
NCT04476030	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder, Major	Biogen	2020-11-09	PHASE3
NCT03924323	COMPLETED	Anxiety Disorders,Generalized Anxiety Disorder	AbbVie	2019-05-30	PHASE4
NCT03852160	WITHDRAWN	Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant	Janssen-Cilag International NV	2019-12-01	PHASE3
NCT03909217	COMPLETED	Mild-to-moderate Depression	The University of Hong Kong	2019-07-29	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT03841474	UNKNOWN	Coronary Artery Disease; Depression; Cardiovascular Diseases	Klinički Bolnički Centar Zagreb	2021-03-01
NCT03321006	COMPLETED	Hearing Loss; Depression	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2018-05-30	PHASE4
NCT04697693	TERMINATED	Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; Major Depressive Disorder	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2021-03-03	PHASE4
NCT02674529	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Marta Peciña, MD PhD	2016-09	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT03434041	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant	Janssen Research & Development, LLC	2018-05-25	PHASE3
NCT03887624	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant	Zhejiang University	2019-05-21	EARLY_PHASE1
NCT04221256	WITHDRAWN	Stroke, Ischemic	Burke Medical Research Institute	2020-03-11	PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT04037111	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder; Rheumatoid Arthritis	Xijing Hospital	2019-07-23
NCT03912974	COMPLETED	Healthy	University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland	2019-07-04	PHASE1
NCT02332291	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Vanderbilt University Medical Center	2015-04	PHASE4
NCT04234776	UNKNOWN	Depressive Disorder	University of Sao Paulo	2018-04-03	PHASE4
NCT03812588	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2019-01-30	PHASE4
NCT03429075	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder, Major	Imperial College London	2019-01-07	PHASE2
NCT00958633	TERMINATED	Bipolar I Disorder	University of British Columbia	2010-11	PHASE3
NCT02623205	COMPLETED	Depression	Stony Brook University	2015-05	PHASE4
NCT03487211	COMPLETED	Fibromyalgia	Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University	2018-04-09	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT02711215	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder	Medical University of Vienna	2015-05	PHASE4
NCT00693849	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder	BRC Operations Pty. Ltd.	2008-09	PHASE4
NCT03274817	TERMINATED	Alzheimer Disease	NYU Langone Health	2009-06-18	PHASE1
NCT03464383	COMPLETED	Anxiety; Depression; Epilepsy	Wake Forest University Health Sciences	2018-05-07	PHASE4
NCT02753738	UNKNOWN	Ssri; Neuronal Plasticity	Medical University of Vienna	2016-08	PHASE4
NCT01728194	COMPLETED	Depression	Weill Medical College of Cornell University	2012-07	PHASE4
NCT02869035	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Rigshospitalet, Denmark	2016-08	PHASE1
NCT03388164	TERMINATED	Depression	Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Inc.	2018-01-01	PHASE2
NCT04543123	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Jeong-Ho Chae	2017-11-16	PHASE4
NCT02818751	COMPLETED	Anxiety	University of Cincinnati	2015-05
NCT03187093	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder	Oleg Levada	2016-10	PHASE4
NCT04093960	TERMINATED	Major Depression	Kaohsiung Kai-Suan Psychiatric Hospital	2016-11-18	PHASE4
NCT01902004	COMPLETED	Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI); Depression	University of California, Los Angeles	2013-10	PHASE4
NCT01931202	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2014-02-19
NCT02153567	COMPLETED	Dyspepsia; Anxiety; Depression	Chinese University of Hong Kong	2013-12-06	PHASE3
NCT03122158	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder; Anxiety Disorders	Erzurum Regional Training & Research Hospital	2017-04-08	PHASE4
NCT03323697	UNKNOWN	Depression, Anxiety	Mazra Mental Health Center	2017-08-28	PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT03547219	COMPLETED	Depression; Adolescent	Seoul National University	2015-08-05
NCT00550485	COMPLETED	Pharmacokinetics	Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry	2007-10
NCT04013464	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder, Major	Peking University Sixth Hospital	2016-05-01
NCT03522987	WITHDRAWN	Anxiety; Depression; Epilepsy	Wake Forest University Health Sciences	2018-05	PHASE4
NCT02417064	COMPLETED	Treatment-resistant Depression	Janssen Research & Development, LLC	2015-08-10	PHASE3
NCT02493868	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant	Janssen Research & Development, LLC	2015-10-01	PHASE3
NCT03131050	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Capital Medical University	2017-03-15	PHASE4
NCT03010761	TERMINATED	Addiction	China Medical University Hospital	2016-01-14	PHASE2
NCT01479829	COMPLETED	Bipolar Depression	Loyola University	2011-03-23	PHASE4
NCT03554447	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Mahmoud Samy Abdallah	2015-04-20
NCT02623231	UNKNOWN	GBM; Depression	Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center	2015-12	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT03162185	UNKNOWN	Healthy Controls	Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences	2017-04-01	PHASE4
NCT02497287	COMPLETED	Treatment-resistant Depression	Janssen Research & Development, LLC	2015-09-30	PHASE3
NCT05840692	COMPLETED	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	Odense University Hospital	2013-08	PHASE4
NCT02422186	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant	Janssen Research & Development, LLC	2015-08-20	PHASE3
NCT02161458	COMPLETED	Amyloid Beta Protein	University of Pennsylvania	2014-06	PHASE4
NCT02374567	TERMINATED	Dementia; Depression; Schizophrenia; Psychosomatic Disorders; Anxiety Disorders	Hannover Medical School	2015-01	PHASE3
NCT02418585	COMPLETED	Treatment-resistant Depression	Janssen Research & Development, LLC	2015-08-07	PHASE3
NCT01360866	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Mood Disorders; Mental Disorders	Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.	2011-10	PHASE3
NCT01655706	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	University Health Network, Toronto	2012-04-23	PHASE3
NCT02407821	TERMINATED	End Stage Renal Disease	University Health Network, Toronto	2015-03	PHASE2
NCT01997580	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder	Seoul National University Bundang Hospital	2013-07	PHASE4
NCT02191397	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder, Major	GlaxoSmithKline	2015-02-10	PHASE3
NCT01477203	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); Anxiety Disorder	Medical University of Vienna	2011-11	PHASE4
NCT01551225	COMPLETED	Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Panic Disorder	Maastricht University Medical Center	2012-01	PHASE4
NCT01787240	TERMINATED	Major Depressive Disorder	Massachusetts General Hospital	2012-11	PHASE4
NCT01894815	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder; Major Depressive Disorder, Recurrent, Unspecified; Major Depressive Disorder, Single Episode, Unspecified	University of Sao Paulo	2013-10	PHASE3
NCT01594866	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Seoul National University Hospital	2012-05	PHASE4
NCT02469545	COMPLETED	Depression; Anxiety Disorder	Medical University of Bialystok	2014-06	PHASE2
NCT02272517	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	H. Lundbeck A/S	2014-12	PHASE3
NCT00584571	COMPLETED	Rectal Hypersensitivity; Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Constipation	Augusta University	2007-12	PHASE2
NCT02423694	UNKNOWN	Perimenopause; Depression	Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine	2013-09
NCT02082392	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2012-09	PHASE4
NCT01870843	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder, Major	Xian-Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd.	2014-03	PHASE4
NCT01324700	COMPLETED	Depression; Asthma	University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center	2010-07	PHASE4
NCT01538693	COMPLETED	Spinal Cord Injury	T. George Hornby	2011-12
NCT00926835	TERMINATED	Major Depressive Disorder	Ministry of Health & Welfare, Korea	2009-05	PHASE4
NCT00754936	COMPLETED	Depression	Weill Medical College of Cornell University	2007-05
NCT00360399	COMPLETED	Depression	Emory University	2006-08
NCT01483053	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute	2014-01	PHASE4
NCT02237937	UNKNOWN	Major Depression	HolsboerMaschmeyer NeuroChemie GmbH	2011-09	PHASE4
NCT01628783	UNKNOWN	Depression	Jesper Ekelund	2012-06	PHASE4
NCT01278498	UNKNOWN	Depression	Asan Medical Center	2011-01	PHASE4
NCT02072278	COMPLETED	Healthy Men	H. Lundbeck A/S	2014-02	PHASE1
NCT00660062	TERMINATED	Major Depression	Hillerod Hospital, Denmark	2009-08	PHASE4
NCT01103180	TERMINATED	Borderline Personality Disorder	University of Chicago	2010-09	PHASE2
NCT01764867	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder	Shanghai Mental Health Center	2012-06	PHASE4
NCT02175602	COMPLETED	Hepatitis C Infection	Bristol-Myers Squibb	2014-06	PHASE1
NCT01896349	UNKNOWN	Treatment Resistant Depression	Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre	2013-04
NCT01251471	COMPLETED	Depression	Medical University of Vienna	2011-08	PHASE4
NCT01841125	COMPLETED	Alzheimer's Disease	Konkuk University Medical Center	2011-11	PHASE4
NCT00974155	COMPLETED	Depression	K. Lieb	2009-09	PHASE4
NCT01871701	COMPLETED	Healthy	Seoul National University Hospital	2012-11	PHASE1
NCT02122939	COMPLETED	Healthy	Seoul National University Hospital	2013-09	PHASE1
NCT01008098	UNKNOWN	Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	Seoul National University Hospital	2008-11	PHASE2
NCT00620789	UNKNOWN	Insomnia; Major Depressive Disorder	Toronto Metropolitan University	2008-03
NCT01364649	COMPLETED	Treatment Outcome	Takeda	2011-06	PHASE3
NCT01741142	TERMINATED	Major Depressive Disorder	AbbVie (prior sponsor, Abbott)	2012-01	PHASE2
NCT00248651	COMPLETED	Dyspepsia and Other Specified Disorders of Function of Stomach	Mayo Clinic	2006-10	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00517764	COMPLETED	Depression	Centre for Addiction and Mental Health	2006-12
NCT01271244	COMPLETED	PTSD	VA Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System	2008-06	PHASE4
NCT00613470	COMPLETED	Depression	Mayo Clinic	2005-03	PHASE1
NCT01369095	COMPLETED	Depression	Bristol-Myers Squibb	2011-07	PHASE2
NCT01587326	UNKNOWN	Depression	Beitou Armed Forces Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan	2012-04
NCT01430520	COMPLETED	Postoperative Pain	Hvidovre University Hospital	2011-09	PHASE4
NCT01219686	TERMINATED	Unipolar Depression	Markus KOSEL	2010-10	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00149799	COMPLETED	Anxiety Disorders; Somatoform Disorders	Massachusetts General Hospital	2005-05	PHASE3
NCT02246244	COMPLETED	ENT Cancer	Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris	2009-04	PHASE3
NCT00419471	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder; Coronary Disease	Chonnam National University Hospital	2007-05	PHASE4
NCT00732901	COMPLETED	Cocaine Dependence	Virginia Commonwealth University	2008-06	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00955474	TERMINATED	Major Depressive Disorder With Psychotic Features	Massachusetts General Hospital	2008-09	PHASE4
NCT01198795	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Forest Laboratories	2010-09	PHASE4
NCT01363310	TERMINATED	Depression With Prominent Agitation	Physicians Research And Education Network	2010-10	PHASE3
NCT00707863	COMPLETED	Major Depression	Indiana University	2008-05	PHASE4
NCT00851006	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	University of Utah	2009-04	PHASE2
NCT01368432	COMPLETED	TBI; Major Depression; Other Psychiatric Disorders	Johns Hopkins University	2010-04	PHASE2
NCT00227292	WITHDRAWN	Low Back Pain; Depression	Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg	2007-11	PHASE4
NCT01082237	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	University of California, Los Angeles	2009-10	PHASE4
NCT01309776	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Samsung Medical Center	2011-03	PHASE4
NCT01368068	TERMINATED	Perimenopausal Depression	The Alfred	2012-07	PHASE4
NCT00536172	COMPLETED	Depression	University of Nebraska	2007-12-01	PHASE4
NCT02480400	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Abarbanel Mental Health Center	2010-06
NCT00953745	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Washington University School of Medicine	2009-05
NCT00456014	COMPLETED	Depression	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2006-09
NCT00917059	COMPLETED	Depression	University of California, Los Angeles	2009-05	PHASE4
NCT01115699	TERMINATED	Depression	Mayo Clinic	2010-04
NCT01814085	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Xian-Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd.	2010-02	PHASE4
NCT00953108	COMPLETED	Major Depression	Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich	2009-09	PHASE3
NCT00693732	COMPLETED	Irritable Bowel Syndrome	National University Hospital, Singapore	2009-02	PHASE4
NCT00989053	UNKNOWN	Depression; Anxiety; In Vitro Fertilization	Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center	2010-01
NCT01214044	COMPLETED	Depression	Oregon Health and Science University	2008-05
NCT00386893	WITHDRAWN	Depression	Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich	2006-10	PHASE4
NCT00574847	COMPLETED	Myocardial Ischemia	Duke University	2006-09	PHASE4
NCT00935246	UNKNOWN	Depression; Continuous Antidepressant Abuse; Adverse Reaction to Drug	Samsung Medical Center	2008-12
NCT01404871	COMPLETED	Obsessive Compulsive Disorder	Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre	2009-04
NCT01111552	TERMINATED	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.	2010-07-29	PHASE3
NCT01123707	TERMINATED	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.	2010-11-18	PHASE3
NCT01111539	TERMINATED	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.	2010-07-13	PHASE3
NCT01111565	TERMINATED	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.	2010-10-04	PHASE3
NCT00702780	COMPLETED	Alzheimer's Disease	Seoul National University Hospital	2008-11
NCT01418274	COMPLETED	Healthy Volunteer	Hoffmann-La Roche	2011-08	PHASE1
NCT01401595	COMPLETED	Night Eating Syndrome	University of Pennsylvania	2009-12	PHASE3
NCT00971815	COMPLETED	Insulin Resistance; Low Birth Weight; Type 2 Diabetes; Cardiovascular Disease; Melancholic Depression; Anxiety Disorders	University of Aarhus	2009-05
NCT00601965	COMPLETED	Generalized Anxiety Disorder	Veterans Medical Research Foundation	2007-10
NCT00404755	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder; Dysthymia	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2006-07	PHASE4
NCT00367341	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Emory University	2006-08
NCT00519428	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2007-08	PHASE4
NCT01601730	COMPLETED	Cocaine Dependence; Cocaine Abuse; Cocaine Addiction; Substance Abuse	Baylor College of Medicine	2010-08	PHASE1
NCT00703742	COMPLETED	Depression; Depression Secondary to Other Disease	Kunming Medical University	2008-06
NCT00220480	UNKNOWN	Depressive Disorder, Major	Sheba Medical Center	2005-02
NCT00488670	TERMINATED	Depressive Disorder	University of British Columbia	2010-12	PHASE3
NCT01398514	COMPLETED	Fear Conditioning	Massachusetts General Hospital	2008-10	PHASE4
NCT01045083	COMPLETED	Healthy Volunteer	Hoffmann-La Roche	2010-01	PHASE1
NCT01814098	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder, Major	Xian-Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd.	2009-07-07	PHASE4
NCT00387348	TERMINATED	Colorectal Cancer; Depression; Esophageal Cancer; Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer; Fatigue; Gallbladder Cancer; Gastric Cancer; Liver Cancer; Lung Cancer; Pancreatic Cancer	Massachusetts General Hospital	2006-03	PHASE3
NCT00825825	COMPLETED	Antidepressant Activity in Healthy Volunteers	Michael Henry, MD	2007-05	PHASE4
NCT00872027	COMPLETED	Depression	University of Minnesota	2009-04	PHASE4
NCT00833469	COMPLETED	Postpartum Depression	Massachusetts General Hospital	2009-01	PHASE4
NCT00702598	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	University of British Columbia	2008-06
NCT01101685	COMPLETED	Dysphoria	University of Oxford	2010-02	PHASE4
NCT00824044	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Massachusetts General Hospital	2008-07	PHASE4
NCT01034995	COMPLETED	Major Depression	Sanofi	2010-02	PHASE2
NCT00243477	COMPLETED	Coronary Artery Disease	Hopital Jean Minjoz	2006-01	PHASE4
NCT01638689	COMPLETED	Healthy	Karolinska Institutet	2010-09	PHASE1
NCT00723060	COMPLETED	Obsessive Compulsive Disorder	Seoul National University Hospital	2008-09	PHASE4
NCT01078870	UNKNOWN	Schizophrenia	National Taiwan University Hospital	2010-02	PHASE4
NCT01541475	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Ewha Womans University	2009-03	PHASE4
NCT00594269	COMPLETED	Dementia	Sykehuset Innlandet HF	2008-08	PHASE4
NCT00985504	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Eli Lilly and Company	2009-09	PHASE4
NCT01090700	COMPLETED	Hepatitis C Virus	Tibotec Pharmaceuticals, Ireland	2010-05	PHASE1
NCT00708240	UNKNOWN	Obsessive Compulsive Disorder	University of Ottawa	2007-01	PHASE4
NCT00636649	COMPLETED	Night Eating Syndrome	Duke University	2008-10
NCT00754793	TERMINATED	Chronic Sinusitis; Facial Pain Disorder; Depression	University of Washington	2009-01	PHASE4
NCT00967408	UNKNOWN	Stroke	Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carita	2009-07	PHASE4
NCT00708396	UNKNOWN	OCD; Schizophrenia	BeerYaakov Mental Health Center	2008-07	PHASE4
NCT00746239	TERMINATED	Panic Disorder; Insomnia	Milton S. Hershey Medical Center	2008-08
NCT00101452	COMPLETED	Depression	Maurizio Fava, MD	2005-04
NCT00070941	COMPLETED	Parkinson's Disease; Depression	NYU Langone Health	2003-07	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00894543	COMPLETED	Hot Flashes; Menopause; Vasomotor Symptoms	Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center	2009-07
NCT01745601	COMPLETED	Anxiety Disorders	GlaxoSmithKline	2010-05-04	PHASE1
NCT00352885	COMPLETED	Depression	Emory University	2006-10-06	PHASE4
NCT00918684	COMPLETED	Depression	Weill Medical College of Cornell University	2002-12	PHASE4
NCT00452543	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder; Alcohol Abuse; Alcohol Dependence	Massachusetts General Hospital	2007-03	PHASE4
NCT00642694	TERMINATED	Major Depressive Disorder; Insomnia	University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center	2007-05	PHASE3
NCT01119638	COMPLETED	Agitation; Psychosis; Alzheimer's Disease	Abarbanel Mental Health Center	2008-04	PHASE4
NCT00613067	COMPLETED	Generalized Anxiety Disorder	Inje University	2007-12
NCT00837564	UNKNOWN	Chronic Depression	University Hospital Freiburg	2009-02	PHASE3
NCT01020799	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	AstraZeneca	2009-11	PHASE2
NCT01876823	COMPLETED	Mild Cognitive Impairment; Major Depressive Disorder; Alzheimer's Disease	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2006-04	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT01395433	COMPLETED	Healthy	H. Lundbeck A/S	2010-01	PHASE1
NCT00621946	COMPLETED	Severe Asthma; Moderate or Severe Major Depressive Disorder	University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center	2008-03	PHASE4
NCT00736021	COMPLETED	Stress Disorders, Post Traumatic	Hadassah Medical Organization	2008-09
NCT00866593	COMPLETED	Depression	Shanghai Mental Health Center	2009-03	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00965497	COMPLETED	Major Depression; Multiple Sclerosis; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	University of South Carolina	2009-07	PHASE3
NCT00086307	COMPLETED	Major Depression	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)	2004-06	PHASE2
NCT00822744	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Sanofi	2008-12	PHASE2
NCT00810069	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Eli Lilly and Company	2008-11	PHASE4
NCT00272025	TERMINATED	Bipolar Depression	Queen's University	2006-10	PHASE1
NCT00785434	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Community Pharmacology Services Ltd	2008-10	PHASE4
NCT00902226	COMPLETED	Social Anxiety Disorder	H. Lundbeck A/S	2009-03	PHASE4
NCT00807248	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	H. Lundbeck A/S	2008-11	PHASE2
NCT00902564	COMPLETED	Generalized Anxiety Disorder	H. Lundbeck A/S	2009-03	PHASE4
NCT00145132	COMPLETED	Depression	Ludwig-Maximilians - University of Munich	2005-06	PHASE4
NCT00595699	COMPLETED	Major Depression; Temporal Lobe Epilepsy	Conrad, Erich J., M.D.	2006-11	PHASE4
NCT00628914	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder; Insomnia	University of California, Los Angeles	2008-05	PHASE4
NCT00933894	COMPLETED	Hepatitis C	Tibotec BVBA	2009-09	PHASE1
NCT00523705	TERMINATED	PMS	University of Pennsylvania	2008-02	PHASE4
NCT00343070	COMPLETED	Major Depression	University Hospital, Ghent	2007-03	PHASE2
NCT00177671	COMPLETED	Depression; Dementia	University of Pittsburgh	2003-12	PHASE4
NCT00475878	COMPLETED	Opiate Dependence; Depression	Butler Hospital	2006-12	PHASE3
NCT00464711	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Massachusetts General Hospital	2006-09	PHASE4
NCT00590863	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)	2008-03	PHASE4
NCT00887679	COMPLETED	Anxiety Disorders; HIV Infections	Duke University	2009-05	PHASE3
NCT00177294	COMPLETED	Depression	University of Pittsburgh	2004-04	PHASE4
NCT00183677	COMPLETED	Depression	Massachusetts General Hospital	2003-07	PHASE4
NCT00386841	COMPLETED	Healthy	University of Copenhagen	2007-04	PHASE4
NCT00200902	COMPLETED	Depression	University of California, Los Angeles	2005-08	PHASE4
NCT00209807	UNKNOWN	Major Depression; Pain; Abdominal Pain	Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Research Institute	2005-09	PHASE4
NCT00650897	UNKNOWN	Major Depression; Diabetes Mellitus	Sheba Medical Center	2008-04	PHASE4
NCT01527474	COMPLETED	Postpartum Depression	BC Women's Hospital & Health Centre	2008-04
NCT00300313	COMPLETED	Post-traumatic Stress Disorder	Sheba Medical Center	2005-06
NCT01797380	TERMINATED	Depression; HIV	Duke University	2008-01	PHASE4
NCT00464191	TERMINATED	Bipolar Disorder	Nordfjord Psychiatric Centre	2006-04	PHASE4
NCT00813735	COMPLETED	Insomnia	Lehigh Center for Clinical Research	2006-09	PHASE4
NCT00668525	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Forest Laboratories	2008-04	PHASE3
NCT00215137	COMPLETED	OCD	Duke University	2004-10	PHASE2
NCT00531622	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Sanofi	2007-09	PHASE3
NCT00166114	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Emory University	2002-02	PHASE4
NCT00140257	UNKNOWN	Depression	Bispebjerg Hospital	2004-11	PHASE4
NCT00566202	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, L.L.C.	2007-12	PHASE2
NCT00232700	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Charite University, Berlin, Germany	2005-09
NCT00190333	COMPLETED	Pulmonary Hypertension	Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris	2005-06	PHASE3
NCT00361218	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Massachusetts General Hospital	2005-10	PHASE3
NCT00656552	UNKNOWN	Premature Ejaculation	Cairo University	2008-05	EARLY_PHASE1
NCT00220701	COMPLETED	Dysthymic Disorder	St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center	2002-06	PHASE4
NCT00071643	COMPLETED	Depression; Cerebrovascular Accident	Robert G. Robinson	2002-09
NCT00598052	UNKNOWN	Marijuana Dependence	Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center	2007-12
NCT00456937	COMPLETED	Schizophrenia	BeerYaakov Mental Health Center	2006-07	PHASE4
NCT00136318	COMPLETED	Depression	Charite University, Berlin, Germany	2004-01	PHASE3
NCT00692263	COMPLETED	Healthy	University of Southern Denmark	2008-02	PHASE4
NCT00219349	COMPLETED	Generalized Anxiety Disorder	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2005-01	PHASE4
NCT00133276	COMPLETED	Hepatitis C	Foundation for Liver Research	2005-08	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00295347	COMPLETED	Major Depression	Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf	2005-12
NCT01996475	COMPLETED	Healthy	Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited		PHASE1
NCT00209170	COMPLETED	Diabetes; Depression	Emory University	2004-05	PHASE4
NCT00177216	COMPLETED	Sleep Disorders	University of Pittsburgh	2002-02	PHASE4
NCT01996462	COMPLETED	Healthy	Torrent Pharmaceuticals Limited		PHASE1
NCT00417118	COMPLETED	Generalized Anxiety	Sanofi	2006-12	PHASE3
NCT00481325	COMPLETED	Generalized Anxiety Disorder	Bristol-Myers Squibb	2007-07	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00420004	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Eli Lilly and Company	2006-12	PHASE2
NCT00415142	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder	Sanofi	2006-12	PHASE3
NCT00432614	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Sanofi	2007-01	PHASE3
NCT00406640	COMPLETED	Depression; Depressive Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major	Wyeth is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Pfizer	2006-12	PHASE3
NCT03927950	COMPLETED	Major Depression	University of Tartu	2007-01	PHASE4
NCT00105586	COMPLETED	Anxiety Disorders; Generalized Anxiety Disorder	University of Pittsburgh	2004-12	PHASE4
NCT00146900	COMPLETED	Post-traumatic Stress Disorder	Hadassah Medical Organization	2004-08
NCT00358631	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder	Sanofi	2006-07	PHASE2
NCT00390650	COMPLETED	Anxiety	Sanofi	2006-10	PHASE3
NCT00397059	COMPLETED	Healthy	University of Southern Denmark	2006-12	PHASE4
NCT00166296	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder; Hepatitis C, Chronic	Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital	2005-03	PHASE2
NCT00384436	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Forest Laboratories	2006-10	PHASE4
NCT00073697	COMPLETED	Depression	University of Pittsburgh	2003-05	PHASE4
NCT00135421	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Bristol-Myers Squibb	2005-11	PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT00456430	COMPLETED	Depression	Indiana University	2003-07	PHASE4
NCT00149825	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder; Insomnia	Stanford University	2004-06	PHASE2
NCT00375843	COMPLETED	Depression	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)	2005-01	PHASE4
NCT00296179	COMPLETED	Insomnia	Sanofi	2006-02	PHASE4
NCT00296777	COMPLETED	Major Depression; Dysthymia	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2004-12	PHASE4
NCT00610506	COMPLETED	Atypical Depression	Duke University	2005-10	PHASE3
NCT00107120	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Forest Laboratories	2005-03	PHASE3
NCT00194948	COMPLETED	Major Depression	Weill Medical College of Cornell University	2003-09
NCT00277108	COMPLETED	Postpartum Depression	University of Rochester	2004-02
NCT00252343	COMPLETED	Anxiety Disorder	Sanofi	2005-09	PHASE3
NCT00252356	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Sanofi	2005-09	PHASE3
NCT00252330	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Sanofi	2005-09	PHASE3
NCT00260624	COMPLETED	Alzheimer's Disease; Psychomotor Agitation	University of Rochester	2003-02	PHASE4
NCT00812994	COMPLETED	Depression	University of California, San Francisco	2003-01	PHASE4
NCT00361790	COMPLETED	Healthy	Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc.	2006-08	PHASE1
NCT00234312	COMPLETED	Depression; Dysthymia	Oregon Health and Science University	2005-09	PHASE4
NCT01148472	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	H. Lundbeck A/S	2005-09	PHASE4
NCT00108979	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Forest Laboratories	2005-03	PHASE3
NCT00296712	COMPLETED	Major Depression; Dysthymia; Depression NOS	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2005-02	PHASE4
NCT00109044	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Forest Laboratories	2005-03	PHASE3
NCT00206934	COMPLETED	Healthy Volunteers	University of Copenhagen	2005-03
NCT01024140	COMPLETED	Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	Northern California Institute of Research and Education	2003-02
NCT00648570	COMPLETED	Healthy	Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc	2004-08	PHASE1
NCT00648661	COMPLETED	Healthy	Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc	2004-09	PHASE1
NCT00051259	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	GlaxoSmithKline	2003-01	PHASE3
NCT00051272	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)	GlaxoSmithKline	2003-01	PHASE3
NCT00231335	COMPLETED	Schizophrenia; Schizoaffective Disorder	Emory University	2006-03	PHASE4
NCT00151294	TERMINATED	Depression; Multiple Sclerosis	Weill Medical College of Cornell University	2004-11	PHASE4
NCT00156325	COMPLETED	Bipolar Disorders	The University of New South Wales	2004-02	PHASE2
NCT00222820	COMPLETED	Major Depression	University of Pittsburgh	2002-04	PHASE4
NCT00116532	COMPLETED	Obsessive Compulsive Disorder	Massachusetts General Hospital	2002-10	PHASE4
NCT00416221	COMPLETED	Depression	University of California, San Diego	2006-04
NCT00423969	TERMINATED	Depression	Indiana University	2003-11	PHASE4
NCT00070694	COMPLETED	Depressive Disorder	National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)	2003-09	PHASE2
NCT00935675	UNKNOWN	Carcinomas	Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris		PHASE3
NCT00149071	COMPLETED	Major Depression	Hillerod Hospital, Denmark	2004-03
NCT01522092	WITHDRAWN	Anxiety; COPD	Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust		PHASE3
NCT00121069	COMPLETED	Phobic Disorders	Connor, Kathryn M., M.D.	2002-09	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00239954	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder	Pharmacology Research Institute	2005-03	PHASE3
NCT00305500	COMPLETED	Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder	Abarbanel Mental Health Center	2006-03	PHASE3
NCT00080158	COMPLETED	Depression; Suicide, Attempted	New York State Psychiatric Institute	2004-03	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00329446	COMPLETED	Generalized Anxiety Disorder	AstraZeneca	2006-04	PHASE3
NCT00351169	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	AstraZeneca	2006-05	PHASE3
NCT00115011	COMPLETED	Impulse Control Disorders	Massachusetts General Hospital	2002-09	PHASE4
NCT00296933	COMPLETED	Depression; Major Depressive Disorder	University Health Network, Toronto	2005-12	PHASE3
NCT00073411	COMPLETED	Depression	Eli Lilly and Company	2003-11	PHASE3
NCT00442481	UNKNOWN	Major Depressive Disorder	Sheba Medical Center	2007-02	PHASE4
NCT00130455	TERMINATED	Depression	Psychiatric Hospital, Hillerod	2006-04	PHASE4
NCT00368862	COMPLETED	Alcoholism; Depression	Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare	2005-12	PHASE4
NCT00162968	COMPLETED	Pain; Polyneuropathies	Odense University Hospital	2004-12	PHASE4
NCT00414323	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Eli Lilly and Company	2006-11	PHASE1
NCT00296790	COMPLETED	Insomnia	Sanofi	2006-02	PHASE4
NCT00433121	COMPLETED	Dementia	Sykehuset Innlandet HF	2006-09	PHASE4
NCT00229333	UNKNOWN	Depressive Syndrome	Sheba Medical Center	2004-12	PHASE4
NCT00215228	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	Duke University	2005-07	PHASE2; PHASE3
NCT00565422	COMPLETED	Internet Addiction	Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai	2002-12	PHASE4
NCT00114374	TERMINATED	Anxiety Disorder	Massachusetts General Hospital	2005-06	PHASE3
NCT01561092	WITHDRAWN	Stroke	University of Aarhus		PHASE4
NCT00148447	COMPLETED	Schizophrenia	BeerYaakov Mental Health Center	2004-11	PHASE3
NCT00351910	COMPLETED	Major Depressive Disorder	AstraZeneca	2006-05	PHASE3
NCT00255554	UNKNOWN	Borderline Personality Disorder	Bronx VA Medical Center

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2025-12-16)

Check the Escitalopram product page for in-depth specifications, including solubility, stock solutions, MOA, and working concentrations.

Compliance for Clinical Use

Mechanism and Biochemical Profile

Escitalopram selectively binds to the serotonin transporter with high affinity (Ki = 0.89 nM), effectively blocking the presynaptic reuptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft. This blockade increases synaptic concentrations of serotonin and enhances central serotonergic signaling, thereby alleviating symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards

Quality Dimension	RUO (Research Use Only)	cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)
Clinical Applicability	Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics.	Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies.
Regulatory Status	Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws.	Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA).
Facility Environment	Unclassified analytical or research laboratories.	Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring.
Quality Control	Basic purity and activity testing.	Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma).
Process Validation	Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required.	Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records.
Quality Assurance	Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS.	Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits.
Regulatory Impact	High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material.	Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF).

Footnotes

Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).