Several clinical trials have evaluated Enrofloxacin in healthy human subjects to assess its pharmacokinetic profile across dermal, inhaled, and oral exposure routes. Sponsored by German research and occupational health institutions, including the Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine and the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, these initiatives have completed recruitment with trial phases listed as not applicable. Ultimately, these studies establish essential baseline exposure and safety parameters in healthy, non-patient populations.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03575312 | COMPLETED | Healthy |
Fraunhofer-Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine |
2018-04-27 | |
| NCT03575312 | Completed | Healthy |
Fraunhofer-Institute of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine|Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA)/Germany) |
2018-04-27 | Not Applicable |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2018-12-12)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).