Choline chloride is currently evaluated across multiple clinical trials examining its therapeutic potential in conditions such as child neurodevelopment following prenatal cannabis exposure, infant growth retardation, pregnancy, lactation, and hepatic pathologies including fatty liver disease, hepatic steatosis, and cystic fibrosis liver disease. Directed primarily by university and academic medical centers, these studies encompass Phase 1 through Phase 3 protocols along with non-phased dietary interventions. Recruitment statuses across the trial portfolio include active, not yet recruiting, completed, and terminated studies.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06910943 | RECRUITING | Choline Deficiency; Liver Injury |
Protara Therapeutics |
2025-12-10 | PHASE2; PHASE3 |
| NCT05291104 | COMPLETED | Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease |
Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital |
2022-04-25 | |
| NCT06379971 | Not yet recruiting | Child Development|Cannabis Use |
University of Colorado Denver |
2024-05 | Phase 1 |
| NCT06120400 | Not yet recruiting | Cardiovascular Diseases |
Penn State University|American Egg Board |
2024-05 | Phase 3 |
| NCT06405360 | Not yet recruiting | Infant Malnutrition|Fetal Growth Retardation |
University of Florida|World Vision|University of Rwanda |
2024-05-02 | Not Applicable |
| NCT06208085 | Recruiting | Breastfeeding Exclusive |
University of North Carolina Chapel Hill|Avocado Nutrition Center |
2024-02-08 | Not Applicable |
| NCT03312140 | COMPLETED | Cystic Fibrosis Liver Disease |
University Hospital Tuebingen |
2014-11-06 | |
| NCT01919424 | COMPLETED | Asthma |
McMaster University |
2011-04 | |
| NCT01127022 | COMPLETED | Pregnancy; Lactation |
Cornell University |
2009-01 | |
| NCT00004697 | COMPLETED | Fatty Liver |
University of Texas |
1997-11 | |
| NCT00031135 | TERMINATED | Liver Diseases |
Northwestern University |
2001-09 | PHASE2 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2026-08-24)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).