Multiple Phase 1 clinical trials sponsored by Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Portola Pharmaceuticals, and Merck Sharp & Dohme have evaluated betrixaban across diverse participant groups. These investigations focused on venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, pharmacokinetics in healthy subjects, and safety parameters in patients with renal impairment, while assessing drug tolerability, bioequivalence, and pharmacodynamics. Currently, recruitment statuses for these studies range from completed trials to terminated pediatric evaluations.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03346083 | Terminated | VTE Prophylaxis |
Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc.|Portola Pharmaceuticals LLC (a wholly owned subsidiary of Alexion Pharmaceuticals) |
2018-07-13 | Phase 1 |
| NCT02596100 | Completed | Healthy |
Portola Pharmaceuticals|Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc. |
2015-09 | Phase 1 |
| NCT00999336 | Completed | Renal Impairment |
Portola Pharmaceuticals|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC|Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc. |
2009-07-31 | Phase 1 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).