Several clinical trials are currently evaluating therapeutic interventions for conditions including chronic kidney disease, end-stage kidney failure, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, secondary hyperparathyroidism, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Spanning Phase 1 through Phase 3 as well as trials designated as Not Applicable, these studies are sponsored by pharmaceutical companies and academic centers, including Resverlogix Corp, Ipsen, Galmed Pharmaceuticals, and Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation. All of these studies currently share a recruitment status of not yet recruiting.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT03160430 | Not yet recruiting | Kidney Failure Chronic |
Resverlogix Corp |
2024-11-22 | Phase 1|Phase 2 |
| NCT06377293 | Not yet recruiting | End-Stage Kidney Disease |
Far Eastern Memorial Hospital |
2024-11 | Not Applicable |
| NCT06405555 | Not yet recruiting | Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction|Hypotension|LV Dysfunction |
Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation |
2024-08-01 | Phase 2|Phase 3 |
| NCT06398002 | Not yet recruiting | Secondary Hyperparathyroidism|End-stage Kidney Disease |
Iain Bressendorff|Herlev Hospital |
2024-08-01 | Phase 2 |
| NCT06383403 | Not yet recruiting | Primary Biliary Cholangitis |
Ipsen |
2024-07-01 | Phase 3 |
| NCT06095986 | Not yet recruiting | Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis |
Galmed Research and Development Ltd.|Virginia Commonwealth University|Galmed Pharmaceuticals Ltd |
2024-06 | Phase 2 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).