Several clinical trials, predominantly Phase 1 and Phase 2 studies, have evaluated rolipram for neurological and psychiatric conditions—including major depressive disorder, Huntington disease, and multiple sclerosis—alongside evaluations in healthy volunteers. Prominently sponsored by government bodies such as the National Institute of Mental Health and corporate entities like GlaxoSmithKline, these investigations encompass varying operational statuses. While Phase 2 research in multiple sclerosis and Phase 1 PET imaging in depression were completed, other trials evaluating brain PDE4 engagement have been terminated.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05522673 | TERMINATED | Depression |
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) |
2023-02-08 | PHASE1 |
| NCT02743377 | COMPLETED | Nervous System Disease |
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) |
2018-04-04 | PHASE1; PHASE2 |
| NCT00369798 | COMPLETED | Major Depressive Disorder; Healthy |
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) |
2006-08-02 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01602900 | COMPLETED | Huntington Disease |
GlaxoSmithKline |
2011-11-22 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01215552 | TERMINATED | Healthy Elderly Volunteers |
Dart NeuroScience, LLC |
2010-09 | PHASE1 |
| NCT01215552 | Terminated | Healthy Elderly Volunteers |
Dart NeuroScience LLC |
2010-09 | Phase 1 |
| NCT00250172 | COMPLETED | Dosimetry; Healthy |
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) |
2005-10-31 | PHASE1 |
| NCT00011375 | COMPLETED | Multiple Sclerosis |
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) |
2001-02 | PHASE2 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-03-05)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).