Multiple completed clinical trials have evaluated this material across diverse cohorts, including healthy volunteers, individuals with endometriosis, and lactating women contributing to regional milk banks. These studies encompass early-phase Phase 1 safety and dose-escalation evaluations alongside observational studies lacking formal phase designations. Sponsorship spans major pharmaceutical entities such as Pfizer as well as public healthcare and academic institutions, including Nantes University Hospital and Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT02070939 | Completed | Healthy |
Pfizer |
2014-02 | Phase 1 |
| NCT02651077 | Completed | Endometriosis |
Nantes University Hospital|ONIRIS |
2013-11 | -- |
| NCT01848444 | Completed | Lactating Women Who Give Their Milk to One of the 6 Milk Banks Participating in the Study |
Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris |
2013-10 | -- |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).