Several completed clinical trials sponsored by academic institutions, including the University of Pennsylvania and Yale University, evaluated interventions associated with this entry. These include a Phase 2 trial investigating myocardial structure and function in patients with congestive heart failure, as well as a study focused on early childhood development and education.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07506603 | COMPLETED | Early Education; Early Childhood Development |
Yale University |
2023-12-04 | |
| NCT00791843 | Completed | Congestive Heart Failure |
University of Pennsylvania |
2004-03 | Phase 2 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2026-04-01)
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PP1
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Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).
Note: Technical data last updated: Sep 1, 2026.