Clinical Trials

Multiple clinical trials have been completed to evaluate ethacrynic acid across indications, including non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, glaucoma, and fluid overload. Early-stage Phase 1 and Phase 1/2 trials sponsored by academic medical centers and individual investigators focused on drug elimination and delivery techniques. Additionally, a Phase 3 clinical trial conducted by the Bambino Gesù Hospital and Research Institute evaluated continuous ethacrynic acid infusion in pediatric patients with fluid overload.

NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT02852564 COMPLETED
Bladder Cancer
Eugene Lee, MD
2016-08 PHASE1
NCT02852564 Completed
Bladder Cancer
Eugene Lee MD|University of Kansas Medical Center
2016-08 Phase 1
NCT02051946 COMPLETED
Glaucoma
Molly Walsh
2014-05 PHASE1; PHASE2
NCT01628731 COMPLETED
Fluid Overload
Bambino Gesù Hospital and Research Institute
2012-10 PHASE3

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2017-08-22)

Check the Ethacrynic Acid product page for in-depth specifications, including solubility, stock solutions, MOA, and working concentrations.

Compliance for Clinical Use

Mechanism and Biochemical Profile

Ethacrynic acid binds and inhibits the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop, which blocks luminal electrolyte reabsorption and disrupts the corticomedullary osmotic gradient. This impairment prevents renal water reabsorption to induce profound diuresis and natriuresis, providing clinical efficacy against fluid overload while informing targeted investigative approaches in conditions like glaucoma and non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards

Quality Dimension RUO (Research Use Only) cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)
Clinical Applicability Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies.
Regulatory Status Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA).
Facility Environment Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring.
Quality Control Basic purity and activity testing. Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma).
Process Validation Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records.
Quality Assurance Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits.
Regulatory Impact High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF).

Footnotes

Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).

Note: Technical data last updated: Sep 1, 2026.