Multiple completed clinical trials have evaluated esmolol across acute care and surgical settings to maintain cardiovascular stability and control hyperinflammatory states. These include a Phase 2 trial sponsored by Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital that investigated esmolol's immunomodulatory effects on cytokine storm, catecholamine overproduction, and immune dysfunction in sepsis management. Additionally, a trial classified under phase Not Applicable, sponsored by Erasme University Hospital, evaluated the management of hemodynamic instability and nociceptive pain during cardiovascular surgery under general anesthesia.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT06390748 | Completed | Sepsis|Lymphocyte Disorder T|Immunologic Paralysis|Catecholamine; Overproduction|Beta-Blocker|Cytokine Storm|Sympathetic Nervous System Diseases |
Lin Chen|Sichuan Provincial People''s Hospital |
2021-01-01 | Phase 2 |
| NCT04137991 | Completed | Nociceptive Pain|Goal-directed Therapy|Hemodynamic Instability|Nol-Index|Remifentanil|Cardiac Surgery|Vascular Surgery|General Anesthesia |
Erasme University Hospital |
2019-10-10 | Not Applicable |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).