Clinical Trials

Multiple clinical trials evaluate therapeutic interventions for pulmonary arterial hypertension, idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension, and chronic left ventricular failure across Phase 2, Phase 3, combined Phase 2/Phase 3, and non-phased protocols. These studies are sponsored by academic institutions—including Amsterdam UMC, University of Cincinnati, University of Zurich, and Heidelberg University—and industry sponsors such as Acceleron Pharma, United Therapeutics, and Bayer. Recruitment statuses across these protocols include actively recruiting, completed, and withdrawn.

NCT Number Recruitment Conditions Sponsor/Collaborators Start Date Phases
NCT05493371 Recruiting
Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Amsterdam UMC location VUmc
 2023-03-01 Phase 2
NCT04451850 Recruiting
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
University of Cincinnati
 2021-06-01 --
NCT03496207 Completed
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Acceleron Pharma Inc. a wholly-owned subsidiary of Merck & Co. Inc. Rahway NJ USA
 2018-06-13 Phase 2
NCT02999906 Withdrawn
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
United Therapeutics
 2017-10 Phase 3
NCT02755298 Completed
Hypertension Pulmonary
University of Zurich
 2016-10 Phase 2|Phase 3
NCT02482402 Withdrawn
Chronic Left Ventricular Failure|Pulmonary Hypertension
Heidelberg University|Bayer
 2015-02 Phase 2

(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)

Check the Camphor product page for in-depth specifications, including solubility, stock solutions, MOA, and working concentrations.

Compliance for Clinical Use

Mechanism and Biochemical Profile

As a bicyclic monoterpene ketone, camphor binds to sensory transient receptor potential channels on peripheral nerves, blocking downstream intracellular calcium influx and neurogenic signaling pathways to reduce neuronal excitation. This suppression of cellular signaling dampens sensory nerve transmission, providing clinical relevance by alleviating pruritus and addressing vascular dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension conditions studied in clinical trials.

Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards

Quality Dimension RUO (Research Use Only) cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice)
Clinical Applicability Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies.
Regulatory Status Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA).
Facility Environment Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring.
Quality Control Basic purity and activity testing. Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma).
Process Validation Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records.
Quality Assurance Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits.
Regulatory Impact High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF).

Footnotes

Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).

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Note: Technical data last updated: Sep 1, 2026.