Multiple clinical trials evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the compound for metabolic and cardiovascular conditions, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary disease, and elevated LDL cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Spanning Phase 3, Phase 4, and observational designs, these evaluations are sponsored by organizations such as JW Pharmaceutical and the Institute for Clinical Effectiveness, Japan. Recruitment statuses across these studies vary, encompassing both completed and actively recruiting trials.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT07442006 | RECRUITING | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) |
JW Pharmaceutical |
2025-10-29 | PHASE4 |
| NCT04810507 | COMPLETED | Type 2 Diabetes |
JW Pharmaceutical |
2018-11-09 | PHASE4 |
| NCT02330406 | COMPLETED | Dipeptidyl-Peptidase 4 Inhibitors; LDL Cholesterol; Glycosylated Hemoglobin; Diabetes Mellitus; Coronary Disease |
Institute for Clinical Effectiveness, Japan |
2015-04 | PHASE4 |
| NCT01529541 | COMPLETED | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
JW Pharmaceutical |
2011-05 | PHASE3 |
| NCT01529528 | COMPLETED | Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus |
JW Pharmaceutical |
2011-05 | PHASE3 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2026-03-02)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).