Multiple Phase 2 clinical trials sponsored by academic and industry entities, including the University of Michigan and Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc., have evaluated Amlexanox across metabolic and inflammatory conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, and oral mucositis. These completed and terminated studies assessed endpoints ranging from glucose and lipid control to oral rinse efficacy. Overall, these investigations highlight the therapeutic potential of Amlexanox in managing metabolic disorders and mucosal inflammatory conditions.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT01975935 | COMPLETED | Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity |
University of Michigan |
2014-01 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01842282 | TERMINATED | Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity |
University of Michigan |
2013-07-19 | PHASE2 |
| NCT01083875 | COMPLETED | Oral Mucositis |
Access Pharmaceuticals, Inc. |
2000-02 | PHASE2 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2018-11-07)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).