Multiple clinical trials evaluate estrone and related estrogenic signaling pathways across Phase 1, Phase 2, and non-interventional designs. Sponsored by academic institutions, medical centers, and pharmaceutical companies such as Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center and Atossa Therapeutics, these studies target conditions including estrogen receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer, climacteric syndrome and menopause, secondary amenorrhea, gynecologic cancers, and obesity. Current recruitment statuses across these trials span from not yet recruiting and actively recruiting to completed and unknown.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT05900895 | Not yet recruiting | Metastatic Breast Cancer |
Mary D Chamberlin|Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center |
2024-05 | Phase 1 |
| NCT06136208 | Recruiting | Climacteric Syndrome|Menopause|Hypoestrogenism |
Science Valley Research Institute|Biòs Farmacêutica |
2023-12-13 | Not Applicable |
| NCT05974449 | Recruiting | Breast Cancer Female |
The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University |
2023-08-24 | Phase 2 |
| NCT05967819 | Recruiting | Amenorrhea Secondary |
University of Colorado Colorado Springs |
2023-08-09 | Not Applicable |
| NCT05607004 | Recruiting | Breast Neoplasms|Invasive Breast Cancer|Estrogen-receptor-positive Breast Cancer|HER2-negative Breast Cancer |
Atossa Therapeutics Inc.|InClin |
2023-02-14 | Phase 2 |
| NCT03258307 | COMPLETED | Gynecologic Cancer |
Istanbul Training and Research Hospital |
2017-02-01 | |
| NCT00449202 | UNKNOWN | Obesity |
Manhattan Pharmaceuticals |
2006-06 | PHASE2 |
| NCT00449254 | UNKNOWN | Obesity |
Manhattan Pharmaceuticals |
2006-10 | PHASE2 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).