CAS No. 51-42-3

Batch: Purity:99.11
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Epinephrine bitartrate Chemical Structure
Chemical Structure
Check the Epinephrine bitartrate product page for in-depth specifications, including solubility, stock solutions, MOA, and working concentrations.

Chemical Information

IUPAC Name (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid;4-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]benzene-1,2-diol
CAS Number 51-42-3
Molecular Formula

C9H13NO3.C4H6O6
Molecular Weight (MW) 333.29
SMILES CNCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O.C(C(C(=O)O)O)(C(=O)O)O
InChIKey YLXIPWWIOISBDD-NDAAPVSOSA-N

Ordering Information

Biological Activity

Epinephrine bitartrate is an agonist of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. Activation of these adrenoceptors triggers G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades, modulating downstream cAMP accumulation and intracellular calcium dynamics. These pathway responses promote cardiac and bronchial smooth muscle relaxation, induce skeletal muscle vasodilation, contract pupil dilator muscles, and reduce aqueous humor production while increasing aqueous outflow. [1]

How to Prepare Stock Solution?

Concentration Volume Mass
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Solubility

Batch:
All in vitro solubility values are batch-tested experimental data (non-literature values).
Solvent Solubility & Note
DMSO 67 mg/mL (201.02 mM)
(Moisture-contaminated DMSO may reduce solubility. Use fresh, anhydrous DMSO. The recommended stock concentration is 10 mM in DMSO.)
Water 67 mg/mL
Ethanol Insoluble
FAQ
Q: Why does a DMSO stock precipitate in media/saline?
A: It is caused by unheated aqueous media (supersaturation), local solvent shock, or incorrect mixing sequence.
How to fix it?
  • Preheat media/saline to 37°C.
  • Mix rapidly (pipette/vortex) upon addition.
  • For complex mixes, always add the aqueous phase last.
  • Re-dissolve minor precipitates with a 37°C water bath and sonication (≤30 min).

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Note: Technical data last updated: Sep 1, 2026.