Several completed clinical trials evaluate conditions associated with vascular and metabolic pathology, specifically focusing on oxidative stress, acute cholecystitis, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial injury. Spanning early-stage Phase II, non-applicable, and unassigned phase designs, these investigations were sponsored primarily by academic medical centers and hospital networks, including Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Zealand University Hospital, and Rigshospitalet Denmark. Together, these protocols evaluated markers of oxidative tissue damage, endothelial integrity, and perioperative vascular complications.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NCT04375137 | Completed | Oxidative Stress |
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences |
2020-04-20 | -- |
| NCT04156711 | Completed | Acute Cholecystitis|Endothelial Dysfunction |
Zealand University Hospital |
2019-09-04 | Not Applicable |
| NCT02690233 | Completed | Myocardial Injury |
Zealand University Hospital |
2016-02 | -- |
| NCT02256254 | Completed | Oxidative Stress |
Rigshospitalet Denmark|Klinisk Biokemisk Afdeling|Klinisk farmakologisk Afdeling|Sektion for Biomedicin Institut for Veterinær Patobiologi |
2014-09 | Phase 2 |
(data from https://clinicaltrials.gov, updated on 2024-05-22)
Mechanism and Biochemical Profile
Appendix RUO and cGMP Quality Standards
| Quality Dimension | RUO (Research Use Only) | cGMP (Current Good Manufacturing Practice) |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Applicability | Prohibited in human clinical trials or medical diagnostics. | Mandatory for human clinical trials (Phase I–III) and therapies. |
| Regulatory Status | Non-regulated grade; exempt from drug manufacturing laws. | Legally enforced by health authorities (e.g., FDA, EMA, NMPA). |
| Facility Environment | Unclassified analytical or research laboratories. | Validated Cleanrooms (ISO Class 5–8) with continuous monitoring. |
| Quality Control | Basic purity and activity testing. | Rigorous safety release testing (Sterility, Endotoxin, Mycoplasma). |
| Process Validation | Basic equipment calibration; no process validation required. | Full qualification (IQ/OQ/PQ) and complete batch records. |
| Quality Assurance | Vendor self-declared without required formal QMS. | Mandatory QA/QC unit, Change Control, CAPA, and vendor audits. |
| Regulatory Impact | High risk of IND rejection if used as a critical raw material. | Required for IND/NDA filings, supported by Drug Master Files (DMF). |
Footnotes
Regulatory Note: Governed by FDA (21 CFR Parts 210/211/312), EMA (EudraLex Vol 4), ICH Guidelines (E6/Q7/Q9/Q10), and compendial standards (USP <71>/<85>/<1043>).