Ym-1 + Ym-2 Antibody [C18B8] | Primary Antibodies

Application: Reactivity: Mouse, Rat

Usage Information

Dilution
WB1:10000 - 1:50000 IHC1:200 - 1:500 IF1:200

Application
WB, IHC, IF

Reactivity
Mouse, Rat

Source
Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Storage Buffer
PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN3

Storage (from the date of receipt)
-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

Predicted MW Observed MW
45 kDa 45 kDa
^*Why do the predicted and actual molecular weights differ? The following reasons may explain differences between the predicted and actual protein molecular weight. Post-translational modifications(e.g., phosphorylation, glycosylation); Splice variants and isoforms; Relative charge; Multimerization.

Positive Control	Mouse brain tissue; Mouse lung tissue; Mouse heart tissue; Mouse liver tissue; C6 cells; Raw264.7 cells; PC-12 cells; NIH3T3 cells
Negative Control

Datasheet & SDS

Biological Description

Specificity
Ym-1 + Ym-2 Antibody [C18B8] detects endogenous levels of total Ym-1 and Ym-2 protein.

Clone
C18B8

Synonym(s)
Chi3l3; Ym1; Chil3; Chitinase-like protein 3; Beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase Ym1; Chitinase-3-like protein 3; ECF-L; Eosinophil chemotactic cytokine; Secreted protein Ym1

Background
Ym-1 (Chil3) and Ym-2 (Chil4) are family 18 glycoside hydrolase chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) that lack enzymatic chitinase activity due to mutations in their catalytic motifs. Sharing 91% amino acid identity, they are primarily expressed in alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs), neutrophils, and eosinophils during Th2-type immune responses. Both proteins fold into a TIM barrel structure, featuring eight α-helices encasing a central (α/β)8 domain of seven β-strands. The chitin-binding groove in Ym-1 accommodates heparin/heparan sulfate and glucosamine oligosaccharides through conserved aromatic and polar residues, while Ym-2 displays analogous binding with greater affinity at acidic pH during inflammation. Ym-1 forms abundant crystals during eosinophilic airway inflammation, acting as a type 2 immune adjuvant by inducing IL-33 release and activating dendritic cells, thereby amplifying both innate and adaptive immunity. Both Ym-1 and Ym-2 are secreted by IL-4/IL-13-stimulated M2 macrophages during nematode infection or asthma, modulating the chemotaxis of neutrophils and eosinophils, suppressing Th1 cytokines, and promoting Th2/IL-17 polarization via interactions with the extracellular matrix. These CLPs also bind heparan sulfate proteoglycans to control tissue remodeling, fibroblast proliferation, and wound healing, in part by sequestering growth factors such as TGF-β in the inflammatory microenvironment. In allergic airway disease, Ym-1 crystals drive mucus hypersecretion, airway hyperresponsiveness, and eosinophil recruitment independent of chitinase activity, with structural studies confirming shared immunostimulatory functions for Ym-1 and Ym-2. Colocalization with arginase-1 marks M2 polarization, and Ym-1/2 are implicated in fibrosis through collagen deposition and myofibroblast differentiation in lung and liver. MMP2/9 cleave Ym-1 into fragments that modulate eosinophil migration and Th2 chemokine activity during inflammation resolution. Elevated Ym-1/2 levels serve as biomarkers for asthma severity, schistosomiasis granuloma formation, and tumor-associated macrophages fostering angiogenesis. Deficiency in these proteins reduces allergic inflammation and impairs fungal clearance against chitin-containing pathogens, such as Cryptococcus.

Background

Ym-1 (Chil3) and Ym-2 (Chil4) are family 18 glycoside hydrolase chitinase-like proteins (CLPs) that lack enzymatic chitinase activity due to mutations in their catalytic motifs. Sharing 91% amino acid identity, they are primarily expressed in alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs), neutrophils, and eosinophils during Th2-type immune responses. Both proteins fold into a TIM barrel structure, featuring eight α-helices encasing a central (α/β)8 domain of seven β-strands. The chitin-binding groove in Ym-1 accommodates heparin/heparan sulfate and glucosamine oligosaccharides through conserved aromatic and polar residues, while Ym-2 displays analogous binding with greater affinity at acidic pH during inflammation. Ym-1 forms abundant crystals during eosinophilic airway inflammation, acting as a type 2 immune adjuvant by inducing IL-33 release and activating dendritic cells, thereby amplifying both innate and adaptive immunity. Both Ym-1 and Ym-2 are secreted by IL-4/IL-13-stimulated M2 macrophages during nematode infection or asthma, modulating the chemotaxis of neutrophils and eosinophils, suppressing Th1 cytokines, and promoting Th2/IL-17 polarization via interactions with the extracellular matrix. These CLPs also bind heparan sulfate proteoglycans to control tissue remodeling, fibroblast proliferation, and wound healing, in part by sequestering growth factors such as TGF-β in the inflammatory microenvironment. In allergic airway disease, Ym-1 crystals drive mucus hypersecretion, airway hyperresponsiveness, and eosinophil recruitment independent of chitinase activity, with structural studies confirming shared immunostimulatory functions for Ym-1 and Ym-2. Colocalization with arginase-1 marks M2 polarization, and Ym-1/2 are implicated in fibrosis through collagen deposition and myofibroblast differentiation in lung and liver. MMP2/9 cleave Ym-1 into fragments that modulate eosinophil migration and Th2 chemokine activity during inflammation resolution. Elevated Ym-1/2 levels serve as biomarkers for asthma severity, schistosomiasis granuloma formation, and tumor-associated macrophages fostering angiogenesis. Deficiency in these proteins reduces allergic inflammation and impairs fungal clearance against chitin-containing pathogens, such as Cryptococcus.

References
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35967383/ https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15522777/

Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications

Protein Size (kDa)	PVDF Transfer Membrane Pore Size (μm)
< 10	0.22
10-20	0.22
20-30	0.45
30-45	0.45
45-70	0.45
80-100	0.45
100-140	0.45
> 140	0.45

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Protein Size (kDa)	Separating Gel Percentage
4-40	20%
12-45	15%
10-70	12.5%
15-100	10%
25-100	8%
60-210	5%