ICOS Antibody [A13H14] | Primary Antibodies

Application: Reactivity: Mouse, Rat

Usage Information

Dilution
WB1:1000 IP1:100 IHC1:50 - 1:200 IF1:200 - 1:800

Application
WB, IP, IHC, IF

Reactivity
Mouse, Rat

Source
Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

Storage Buffer
PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN3

Storage (from the date of receipt)
-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

Predicted MW
22-35 kDa

Positive Control	A20 syngeneic tumor; 4T1 syngeneic mammary tumor; Normal mouse colon; Normal mouse thymus; Rat spleen; Mouse spleen; Rat thymus; Mouse spleen; Mouse CD4+ cells
Negative Control	C2C12 cells

Datasheet & SDS

Biological Description

Specificity
ICOS Antibody [A13H14] detects endogenous levels of total ICOS protein.

Clone
A13H14

Synonym(s)
Inducible T-cell costimulator; Activation-inducible lymphocyte immunomediatory molecule; CD28 and CTLA-4-like protein (CCLP); CD28-related protein 1 (CRP-1); CD278; Icos; Ailim

Background
ICOS (Inducible Co-Stimulator, CD278) is a disulfide-linked homodimeric type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 costimulatory receptor superfamily, expressed primarily on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), where it delivers potent secondary costimulatory signals essential for adaptive immunity. It comprises an extracellular single IgV-like domain featuring a rigid PPP motif (Pro121-Pro122-Pro123 in cis-trans-cis conformation), an elongated C'C" loop with the unique 66TKTKGS71 sequence contributing significantly to ligand binding, N-glycosylation at Asn110, a transmembrane domain, and a 29-residue cytoplasmic tail containing the critical YMFM motif (Tyr192-Met193-Phe194-Met195) for PI3K p85 subunit recruitment. ICOS binds its cognate ligand ICOS-L (B7-H2/CD275), expressed on antigen-presenting cells, with high affinity, forming a distinctive 150° receptor-ligand crossing angle that promotes homodimerization and robust T cell activation, superior to CD28 in terms of PI3K pathway potency. ICOS-L engagement phosphorylates the YMFM motif, recruits PI3K to activate Akt/PKB and MAPK/JNK cascades, driving IL-2/IL-4/IL-10/IL-21 cytokine production, T cell proliferation and survival, Tfh differentiation with enhanced CXCR5/Bcl6 expression for germinal center formation, antibody class switching, and Treg suppressive capacity. ICOS orchestrates humoral immunity, T cell memory development, and immune tolerance; deficiency impairs germinal centre formation and can lead to autoimmunity. Dysregulation promotes pathology: overexpression correlates with poor cancer prognosis (biomarker for CTLA-4/PD-1 therapy response), while ICOS/ICOS-L blockade shows therapeutic potential in autoimmunity and tumors.

Background

ICOS (Inducible Co-Stimulator, CD278) is a disulfide-linked homodimeric type I transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the CD28/CTLA-4 costimulatory receptor superfamily, expressed primarily on activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), where it delivers potent secondary costimulatory signals essential for adaptive immunity. It comprises an extracellular single IgV-like domain featuring a rigid PPP motif (Pro121-Pro122-Pro123 in cis-trans-cis conformation), an elongated C'C" loop with the unique 66TKTKGS71 sequence contributing significantly to ligand binding, N-glycosylation at Asn110, a transmembrane domain, and a 29-residue cytoplasmic tail containing the critical YMFM motif (Tyr192-Met193-Phe194-Met195) for PI3K p85 subunit recruitment. ICOS binds its cognate ligand ICOS-L (B7-H2/CD275), expressed on antigen-presenting cells, with high affinity, forming a distinctive 150° receptor-ligand crossing angle that promotes homodimerization and robust T cell activation, superior to CD28 in terms of PI3K pathway potency. ICOS-L engagement phosphorylates the YMFM motif, recruits PI3K to activate Akt/PKB and MAPK/JNK cascades, driving IL-2/IL-4/IL-10/IL-21 cytokine production, T cell proliferation and survival, Tfh differentiation with enhanced CXCR5/Bcl6 expression for germinal center formation, antibody class switching, and Treg suppressive capacity. ICOS orchestrates humoral immunity, T cell memory development, and immune tolerance; deficiency impairs germinal centre formation and can lead to autoimmunity. Dysregulation promotes pathology: overexpression correlates with poor cancer prognosis (biomarker for CTLA-4/PD-1 therapy response), while ICOS/ICOS-L blockade shows therapeutic potential in autoimmunity and tumors.

References
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33033255/

Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications

Protein Size (kDa)	PVDF Transfer Membrane Pore Size (μm)
< 10	0.22
10-20	0.22
20-30	0.45
30-45	0.45
45-70	0.45
80-100	0.45
100-140	0.45
> 140	0.45

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Protein Size (kDa)	Separating Gel Percentage
4-40	20%
12-45	15%
10-70	12.5%
15-100	10%
25-100	8%
60-210	5%