Betaine

Catalog No.S3755 Batch:S375503

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Technical Data

Formula

C5H11NO2
Molecular Weight 117.15 CAS No. 107-43-7
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro Water 23 mg/mL (196.32 mM)
Ethanol 23 mg/mL (196.32 mM)
DMSO 6 mg/mL (51.21 mM)
In vivo (Add solvents to the product individually and in order)
Homogeneous suspension
CMC-NA
≥5mg/ml Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
Clear solution
5%DMSO 40%PEG300 5%Tween80 50%ddH2O

Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.

 0.300mg/ml (2.56mM) Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 6 mg/ml clarified DMSO stock solution to 400 μL of PEG300, mix evenly to clarify it; add 50 μL of Tween80 to the above system, mix evenly to clarify; then continue to add 500 μL of ddH2O to adjust the volume to 1 mL. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results. 
Clear solution
5% DMSO 95% Corn oil

Validated by Selleck labs. Should you need adjustments to this formulation, contact our sales team for custom testing.

 0.300mg/ml (2.56mM) Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 50 μL of 6 mg/ml clear DMSO stock solution to 950 μL of corn oil and mix evenly. The mixed solution should be used immediately for optimal results. 
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description Betaine (trimethylglycine, glycine betaine, lycine, oxyneurine), a methyl derivative of glycine first isolated from sugar beets, has been shown to have potential benefits for fighting heart disease, improving body composition, and helping promote muscle gain and fat loss because of its abilities to promote protein synthesis in the body.
In vitro Betaine shows negligible cytotoxicity even after long-term exposure of cells. It is rich in abundant microorganisms, plants, and animals. In human serum, the resting concentration of this compound ranges from ~2.3 to 8.2 mg/L. As a well-known osmoprotectant, it is able to protect cells against osmotically induced inactivation. This chemical could work as a nontoxic CPA and enable cells to survive ultrarapid cryopreservation to achieve superior cell survival efficiency. It is found that cellular uptake of this compound is ultra-rapid for intracellular protection during the freezing process. It stabilizes corneal epithelial cell volume under hyperosmotic stress and limits hyperosmotic stress-induced HCLE apoptosis.
In vivo Betaine (glycine betaine or trimethylglycine) plays important roles as an osmolyte and a methyl donor in animals. In humans, this compound is obtained from the diet or from its metabolic precursor choline. It is utilized as a methyl donor in a reaction that converts homocysteine into methionine via betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. This chemical also plays a role in osmotic regulation in the kidneys, which are routinely exposed to high extracellular osmolarity during normal operation of the urinary concentrating mechanism. Furthermore, dietary betaine suppresses the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) with oxidative stress, and the protein expression of proinflammatory molecules such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in aged rat kidneys. It has protective effects against LPS-induced memory impairment that are mediated through unique mechanisms involving its actions on GAT2, which is involved in the development of memory impairment, without affecting proinflammatory molecules or glial markers.

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:[3]
  • Cell lines

    Human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells

  • Concentrations

    5 or 10 mM

  • Incubation Time

    16 h

  • Method

    Human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells exposed to culture medium for 16 h at 300 mOsm (isotonic) or 500 mOsm (hyperosmotic) in the presence or absence of this compound (5 or 10 mM) are evaluated for cell volume changes; cell viability; and apoptosis.
Animal Study:[2]
  • Animal Models

    Male ddY strain mice

  • Dosages

    0.081, 0.163, or 0.326 mmol/kg

  • Administration

    s.c.

References

  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5118695/
  • https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3273450/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23246691/

Selleck's Betaine Has Been Cited by 2 Publications

Hypoxanthine in the microenvironment can enable thiopurine resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ Front Oncol, 2024, 14:1440650] PubMed: 39099696
Reactivated endogenous retroviruses promote protein aggregate spreading [ Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):5034] PubMed: 37596282

RETURN POLICY
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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

NOT FOR HUMAN, VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE.