Apocynin

Catalog No.S2425 Batch:S242503

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Technical Data

Formula

C9H10O3
Molecular Weight 166.17 CAS No. 498-02-2
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro DMSO 33 mg/mL (198.59 mM)
Ethanol 33 mg/mL (198.59 mM)
Water Insoluble
In vivo (Add solvents to the product individually and in order)
Homogeneous suspension
CMC-NA
≥5mg/ml Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description Apocynin is a selective NADPH-oxidase inhibitor with IC50 of 10 μM.
Targets
NADPH-oxidase [1]
(Cell-free assay)
10 μM
In vitro Apocynin is a naturally occurring methoxy-substituted catechol used as an inhibitor of NADPH-oxidase. Apocynin prevents serine phosphorylation of p47phox and blocks its association with gp91phox, thus blunting NADPH oxidase activation. [2] Apocynin can decrease the production of superoxide (O(2)(-)) from activated neutrophils and macrophages. Apocynin, after metabolic conversion, inhibits the assembly of NADPH-oxidase that is responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. [3]
In vivo Apocynin has anti-inflammatory activity in a variety of cell and animal models of inflammation. Apocynin attenuates the TNF-α and IL-1β production and iNOS expression in the lung of carrageenan-treated mice. [4] Apocynin exerts beneficial effects in a mice model of spinal cord injury. Apocynin reduces (1) the degree of spinal cord damage, (2) neutrophils infiltration, (3) ICAM-1 and P-selectin expression, (4) PAR and nitrotyrosine formation, (5) IκB-α degradation, (6) NF-κB activation, (7) pro-inflammatory cytokines production (TNF-α and IL-1β), (8) apoptosis (TUNEL staining, FAS ligand expression, Bax and Bcl-2 expression) and (9) MAPK activation (P-38 and phospho-JNK). [5] LD50: Mice 9g/kg (i.g.). [3]

Protocol (from reference)

References

  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8018341/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2160411/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19096513/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21147071/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20954833/

Customer Product Validation

<p>NOX inhibition attenuated thyroid morphologic changes of rats. (a) A representative figure from control group; (b) a representative figure from PCB group; (c) a representative figure from PCB + APO group; (d) a representative figure from APO group; (e) histological scores of thyroid tissue. ∗P < 0.05 versus control group. #P < 0.05 versus PCB group (original magnification ×200).</p>

, , Int J Endocrinol, 2016, 2016:8354745.

(A) Fluorescent images of the cytoskeleton (red) and vinculin (green, a protein in focal adhesion plaques) show the cell adhesion and morphology. The actin filaments (red) of VEC were stained with Rhodamine-phalloidin and cell nuclei (blue) were stained with DAPI. Arrowheads indicate the twisted cytoskeleton and arrows indicate the intracellular vacuoles. The image in white box is an enlarged view of three cells with twisted cytoskeleton. Scale bar: 50 μm in the above and 20 μm in the below.

Data from [ , , Acta Biomater, 2018, 73:470-487 ]

RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with apocynin (500 μM) for 2 h and then exposed to LPS (100 ng/ml) for 5 min. After treatment, cells were washed with PBS and the fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry (c). RAW264.7 cells were incubated with apocynin (500 μM) for 2 h and then stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS for 16 h (d). Cells were harvested, and equal amounts of whole cell lysates were analyzed by western blotting with anti-iNOS or anti-COX-2 antibody. Data were mean ± SD values of three independent experiments. ∗P < 0.05 and ∗∗P < 0.01 versus LPS-treated group.

Data from [ , , Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2017, 2017:9738745 ]

Treatment of rats with apocynin attenuated pancreatic morphological alterations. Representative images from the (A) sham operation (SO) group; (B) severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) group; (C) drug control (APO-CON) group; and (D) apocynin (APO) group (original magnification, ×200). (E) Pancreatic histological scores. Results are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 vs. SO group; #P<0.05 vs. SAP group.

Data from [ , , Mol Med Rep, 2016, 14(4):3525-34. ]

Selleck's Apocynin has been cited by 36 publications

TFEB-dependent autophagy-lysosomal pathway is required for NRF2-driven antioxidative action in obstructive sleep apnea-induced neuronal injury [ Cell Signal, 2025, 128:111630] PubMed: 39875050
NADPH Oxidase-Mediated Testicular Oxidative Imbalance Regulates the TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis Activation after Ischemia Reperfusion Injury [ Antioxidants (Basel), 2023, 12(1)145] PubMed: 36671008
NADPH Oxidase-Mediated Testicular Oxidative Imbalance Regulates the TXNIP/NLRP3 Inflammasome Axis Activation after Ischemia Reperfusion Injury [ Antioxidants (Basel), 2023, 12(1)145] PubMed: 36671008
Epicardial Adipose Tissue-Derived Leptin Promotes Myocardial Injury in Metabolic Syndrome Rats Through PKC/NADPH Oxidase/ROS Pathway [ J Am Heart Assoc, 2023, 12(15):e029415] PubMed: 37489731
Simulated microgravity reduces quality of ovarian follicles and oocytes by disrupting communications of follicle cells [ NPJ Microgravity, 2023, 9(1):7] PubMed: 36690655
Fisetin alleviates cellular senescence through PTEN mediated inhibition of PKCδ-NOX1 pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells [ Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2023, 108:104927] PubMed: 36645971
Tryptophan-sorbitol based carbon quantum dots for theranostics against hepatocellular carcinoma [ J Nanobiotechnology, 2022, 20(1):78] PubMed: 35164792
Indoxyl sulfate reduces Ito,f by activating ROS/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways [ JCI Insight, 2022, 7(3)e145475] PubMed: 35132967
The pro-inflammatory effect of Staphylokinase contributes to community-associated Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia [ Commun Biol, 2022, 5(1):618] PubMed: 35739262
Porcine Enteric Coronavirus PEDV Induces the ROS-ATM and Caspase7-CAD-γH2AX Signaling Pathways to Foster Its Replication [ Viruses, 2022, 14(8)1782] PubMed: 36016404

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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