Melatonin

Catalog No.S1204 Batch:S120402

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Technical Data

Formula

C13H16N2O2
Molecular Weight 232.28 CAS No. 73-31-4
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro DMSO 46 mg/mL (198.03 mM)
Ethanol 46 mg/mL (198.03 mM)
Water Insoluble
In vivo (Add solvents to the product individually and in order)
Homogeneous suspension
CMC-NA
≥5mg/ml Taking the 1 mL working solution as an example, add 5 mg of this product to 1 ml of CMC-Na solution, mix evenly to obtain a homogeneous suspension with a final concentration of 5 mg/ml.
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description Melatonin is a MT receptor agonist, used as a dietary supplement. Melatonin is a selective ATF-6 inhibitor and downregulates COX-2. Melatonin enhances mitophagy and regulates the homeostasis of apoptosis and autophagy.
Targets
melatonin receptor [1]
In vitro

Melatonin interacts with the highly toxic hydroxyl radical with a rate constant equivalent to that of other highly efficient hydroxyl radical scavengers. Melatonin reportedly neutralizes hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite anion, nitric oxide and hypochlorous acid. [1]

Melatonin is believed to scavenge the highly toxic hydroxyl radical, the peroxynitrite anion, and possibly the peroxyl radical. Melatonin reportedly scavenges the superoxide anion radical and it quenches singlet oxygen. Melatonin stimulates mRNA levels for superoxide dismutase and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (all of which are antioxidative enzymes), thereby increasing its antioxidative capacity. [2]

Melatonin in cell-free systems has been shown to directly scavenge H2O2, singlet oxygen (1O2) and nitric oxide (NO*), with little or no ability to scavenge the superoxide anion radical (O2*-) in vitro. Melatonin also directly detoxifies the peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-) and/or peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH), or the activated form of this molecule, ONOOH*. Melatonin acts as a direct free radical scavenger with the ability to detoxify both reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. [3]

Melatonin inhibits cAMP accumulation in most of the cells examined, but the indole effects on other messengers have been often observed only in one type of the cells or tissue, until now. Melatonin also regulates the transcription factors, namely, phosphorylation of cAMP-responsive element binding protein and expression of c-Fos. [4]
In vivo

Melatonin ameliorates necrotizing enterocolitis by preventing Th17/Treg imbalance through activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:

[5]
  • Cell lines

    HepG2 cells

  • Concentrations

    1.2 mM

  • Incubation Time

    24 h

  • Method

    Cells were treated with various concentrations of drug for 24 h.
Animal Study:

[6]
  • Animal Models

    C57BL/6 mice

  • Dosages

    10 mg/kg

  • Administration

    i.p.

References

  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11060493/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9770244/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11898866/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9674691/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36225557/
  • https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32685016/

Customer Product Validation

<p>TUNEL staining of treated adipocytes and flow cytometry analysis of positive TUNEL cells (n=3).</p>

, , J Pineal Res. 2017, 62(4), doi: 10.1111/jpi.12383

C: EDU staining of adipocytes treated with MT for 24 h (n=3). D: Flow Cytometry analysis of cell cycle in adipocytes treated with MT for 24 h (n=3).

Data from [ , , J Pineal Res, 2016, doi: 10.1111/jpi.12383. ]

H2O2 activates JNK through the RAC1/MAP2K7 pathway, which is inhibited by melatonin treatment. (A) GCs grown in medium containing 10 μM melatonin for 24 h were rinsed using PBS, and then incubated with 0.2 mM H2O2 for 2 h. For the inhibition of RAC1, the RAC1 specific antagonist NSC 23766 (10 μM) was added 1 h prior to H2O2 exposure. The cell lysates were collected for GST-PAK1-PBD pulldown assay of RAC1 activation (GTP-bound RAC1 levels) and immunoblotting analysis of total RAC1. (B) Western blot analysis of phosphorylated MAP2K7 (p-MAP2K7) and total MAP2K7 in GCs with the indicated treatments as described above. TUBA1A served as the control for loading. (C) The detection of JNK activity in GCs subjected to the treatments as mentioned earlier. Data represent mean ± s.e.; n = 3. **Represents P < 0.01 vs control group. ##Represents P < 0.01 vs H2O2 group. N, not significant, P > 0.05. (D) GCs transfected with scrambled control siRNA (SC siRNA) or Map2k7 siRNA were cultured with 10 μM melatonin for 24 h, washed in PBS, and then grown in medium containing 0.2 mM H2O2 for 2 h. The expression of phosphorylated MAP2K7 (p-MAP2K7) and total MAP2K7 was determined by Western blotting. TUBA1A served as the control for loading. (E) GCs transfected with scrambled control siRNA (SC siRNA) or Map2k7 siRNA for 48 h were cultured with or without 0.2 mM H2O2 for 2 h. Cell lysates were collected for Western blot analysis of RAC1 activation (GTP-RAC1 levels) by GST-PAK1-PBD pulldown and of total RAC1 levels. (F) GCs transfected with scrambled control siRNA (SC siRNA) or Map2k7 siRNA for 24 h were cultured for another 24 h in the presence or absence of 10 μM melatonin before 2 h of H2O2 (0.2 mM) incubation. Cells were then processed for JNK determination. Data represent mean ± s.e.; n = 3. **Represents P < 0.01 vs control group. ##Represents P < 0.01 vs H2O2 group. N, not significant, P > 0.05.

Data from [ , , Reproduction, 2018, 155(3):307-319 ]

(a-c) Immunohistochemical detection of Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 in lumber enlargement of mice from different groups at the peak stage of EAE or on day 28 post immunization.

Data from [ , , J Mol Neurosci, 2018, 64(2):233-241 ]

Selleck's Melatonin has been cited by 38 publications

Zearalenone Exposure Damages Skeletal Muscle Through Oxidative Stress and Is Alleviated by Glutathione, Nicotinamide Mononucleotide, and Melatonin [ Antioxidants (Basel), 2025, 14(5)528] PubMed: 40427410
Melatonin suppresses PD-L1 expression and exerts antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma [ Sci Rep, 2025, 15(1):8451] PubMed: 40069331
Melatonin ameliorates ischemic brain injury in experimental stroke by regulation of miR-221 and ATG7 axis [ Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2025, 760:151706] PubMed: 40157291
Melatonin alleviates aging-related heart failure through melatonin receptor 1A/B knockout in mice [ Heliyon, 2024, 10(18):e38098] PubMed: 39347399
Ciprofloxacin is a novel anti-ferroptotic antibiotic [ Heliyon, 2024, 10(11):e32571] PubMed: 38961954
Experimental study on small molecule combinations inducing reprogramming of rat fibroblasts into functional neurons [ Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban, 2024, 53(4):498-508] PubMed: 39183062
Melatonin ameliorates glyphosate- and hard water-induced renal tubular epithelial cell senescence via PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy [ Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 2023, 255:114719] PubMed: 37032573
Melatonin attenuates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice [ Microbiol Res, 2023, 276:127480] PubMed: 37659335
Notum enhances gastric cancer stem-like cell properties through upregulation of Sox2 by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway [ Cell Oncol (Dordr), 2023, 10.1007/s13402-023-00875-w] PubMed: 37749430
Synergistic Renoprotective Effect of Melatonin and Zileuton by Inhibition of Ferroptosis via the AKT/mTOR/NRF2 Signaling in Kidney Injury and Fibrosis [ Biomol Ther (Seoul), 2023, 10.4062/biomolther.2023.062] PubMed: 37183002

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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