Betaine

Catalog No.S3755 Batch:S375501

Print

Technical Data

Formula

C5H11NO2
Molecular Weight 117.15 CAS No. 107-43-7
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro Water 100 mg/mL (853.6 mM)
DMSO 23 mg/mL (196.32 mM)
 
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description Betaine (trimethylglycine, glycine betaine, lycine, oxyneurine), a methyl derivative of glycine first isolated from sugar beets, has been shown to have potential benefits for fighting heart disease, improving body composition, and helping promote muscle gain and fat loss because of its abilities to promote protein synthesis in the body.
In vitro Betaine shows negligible cytotoxicity even after long-term exposure of cells. It is rich in abundant microorganisms, plants, and animals. In human serum, the resting concentration of betaine ranges from ~2.3 to 8.2 mg/L. As a well-known osmoprotectant, betaine is able to protect cells against osmotically induced inactivation. Betaine could work as a nontoxic CPA (Cryoprotectants) and enable cells to survive ultrarapid cryopreservation to achieve superior cell survival efficiency. It is found that cellular uptake of betaine is ultra-rapid for intracellular protection during the freezing process[1]. Betaine stabilizes corneal epithelial cell volume under hyperosmotic stress and limits hyperosmotic stress-induced HCLE apoptosis[3].
In vivo Betaine (glycine betaine or trimethylglycine) plays important roles as an osmolyte and a methyl donor in animals. In humans, betaine is obtained from the diet or from its metabolic precursor choline. Betaine is utilized as a methyl donor in a reaction that converts homocysteine into methionine via betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. Betaine also plays a role in osmotic regulation in the kidneys, which are routinely exposed to high extracellular osmolarity during normal operation of the urinary concentrating mechanism. Furthermore, dietary betaine suppresses the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) with oxidative stress, and the protein expression of proinflammatory molecules such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in aged rat kidneys. Betaine has protective effects against LPS-induced memory impairment that are mediated through unique mechanisms involving betaine actions on GAT2, which is involved in the development of memory impairment, without affecting proinflammatory molecules or glial markers[2].

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:[3]
  • Cell lines

    Human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells

  • Concentrations

    5 or 10 mM

  • Incubation Time

    16 h

  • Method

    Human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells exposed to culture medium for 16 h at 300 mOsm (isotonic) or 500 mOsm (hyperosmotic) in the presence or absence of betaine (5 or 10 mM) are evaluated for cell volume changes; cell viability; and apoptosis.
Animal Study:[2]
  • Animal Models

    Male ddY strain mice

  • Dosages

    0.081, 0.163, or 0.326 mmol/kg

  • Administration

    s.c.

Selleck's Betaine has been cited by 2 publications

Reactivated endogenous retroviruses promote protein aggregate spreading [ Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):5034] PubMed: 37596282
Reactivated endogenous retroviruses promote protein aggregate spreading [ Nat Commun, 2023, 14(1):5034] PubMed: 37596282

RETURN POLICY
Selleck Chemical’s Unconditional Return Policy ensures a smooth online shopping experience for our customers. If you are in any way unsatisfied with your purchase, you may return any item(s) within 7 days of receiving it. In the event of product quality issues, either protocol related or product related problems, you may return any item(s) within 365 days from the original purchase date. Please follow the instructions below when returning products.

SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

NOT FOR HUMAN, VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE.