Apoptosis Activator 2

Catalog No.S2927 Batch:S292701

Technical Data

Formula	C₁₅H₉Cl₂NO₂
Molecular Weight	306.14	CAS No.	79183-19-0
Solubility (25°C)*	In vitro	DMSO	61 mg/mL (199.25 mM)
		Water	Insoluble
		Ethanol	Insoluble
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description

Apoptosis Activator 2 strongly induces caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and DNA fragmentation which leads to the destruction of cells (Apaf-1 dependent) with IC50 of ~4 μM, inactive to HMEC, PREC, or MCF-10A cells.

Targets

Caspase-3 ^[1]

In vitro

Apoptosis Activator 2 (20 μM) at the reduced cyto c concentration increases the fraction of Apaf-1 in the apoptosome by 1.5-fold to 33%. Apoptosis Activator 2 increases the extent of caspase-3 activation at the reduced level of cyto c and caspase-3 activation by 4-fold. Apoptosis Activator 2 strongly indues caspase-3 activation, PARP cleavage, and DNA fragmentation, and finally killing cells with an IC50 of 4 μM. Apoptosis Activator 2 induces apoptosis of PBL, HUVEC, Jurkat, Molt-4, CCRF-CEM, BT-549, MDA-MB-468 and NCI-H23 with of IC50 of 50 μM, 43 μM, 4 μM, 6 μM, 9 μM, 20 μM, 44 μM and 35 μM. Apoptosis Activator 2 exerts a cytostatic effect on the majority of tumor cell lines tested, inhibiting cell growth by 50-100% at 10 μM in 40 of 48 cell lines tested. ^[1] Apoptosis Activator 2 induces cell death by triggering apoptosome formation. The level of En1 expression does not have a significant influence on the survival rates of Ventral midbrain cultures for Apoptosis Activator 2 (-8.1 ± 6.0%). Survival rate is not significantly altered if the other three reagents are employed (-10.7 ± 4.7%) for Apoptosis Activator 2. ^[2] Apoptosis activator 2 (10 μM) induces apoptosis in AGS cells as evaluated by apoptotic DNA ladder and Tunel assay. Apoptosis activator 2 (10 μM) enhances the induction of apoptosis by anti TROP2 conjugated liposomes. ^[3] Cyclohexamide (10 μg/mL) or zVAD (50 μM) significantly protects against Apoptosis Activator 2 toxicity in neuroneal cultures. Apoptosis activator 2 (3 μM) results in numerous neurones with pyknotic nuclei suggestive of cell death involving apoptosis. DHT (10 nM) or E2 (10 nM) significantly protects against Apoptosis Activator 2 toxicity in neuroneal cultures. ^[4]

Protocol (from reference)

Kinase Assay:^{^[1]}	Cell-Free Apoptosis Assay HeLa cell cytoplasmic extracts are prepared according to previously published reports. Apoptosis Activator 2 in DMSO are distributed into 96-well microtiter plates at a final concentration of 1 mM (final DMSO concentration is 1% vol/vol). To each well is added 250 μg of total protein from cytoplasmic extracts in HEB buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 7.4/50 mM KCl/5 mM EGTA/2 mM MgCl), with 2 mM DTT, 2 μM cyto c, and 0.5 μM DEVD-AFC (Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin) substrate in a total of 150 μL. Plates are incubated at 37 ℃, and fluorescence is read in a LJL Biosystems plate reader at 10-min intervals.
Cell Assay:^{^[4]}	Cell lines Neurones Concentrations ~3 μM Incubation Time 2 hours Method All viable cells within the defined field of a microscope reticle grid are counted using a manual mechanical counter by an experimenter blinded to condition. Cells are scored viable on the basis of both positive staining with the vital dye calcein acetoxymethyl ester and the morphological criterion of a smooth, spherical soma. Counts of viable cells are made in four non-overlapping fields per culture well with each condition represented by 3 separate wells. The number of viable cells counts per well for vehicle-treated control conditions ranged from 100-200. All experiments are repeated in at least 3 independent culture preparations. Raw cell count data are statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA, followed by between group comparisons using the Fisher LSD test (significance indicated by P < 0.05). Cell viability is presented graphically as a percentage of live cells in the vehicle-treated control condition.

Kinase Assay:^{^[1]}

Cell-Free Apoptosis Assay
HeLa cell cytoplasmic extracts are prepared according to previously published reports. Apoptosis Activator 2 in DMSO are distributed into 96-well microtiter plates at a final concentration of 1 mM (final DMSO concentration is 1% vol/vol). To each well is added 250 μg of total protein from cytoplasmic extracts in HEB buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 7.4/50 mM KCl/5 mM EGTA/2 mM MgCl), with 2 mM DTT, 2 μM cyto c, and 0.5 μM DEVD-AFC (Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin) substrate in a total of 150 μL. Plates are incubated at 37 ℃, and fluorescence is read in a LJL Biosystems plate reader at 10-min intervals.

Cell Assay:^{^[4]}

Cell lines
Neurones
Concentrations
~3 μM
Incubation Time
2 hours
Method
All viable cells within the defined field of a microscope reticle grid are counted using a manual mechanical counter by an experimenter blinded to condition. Cells are scored viable on the basis of both positive staining with the vital dye calcein acetoxymethyl ester and the morphological criterion of a smooth, spherical soma. Counts of viable cells are made in four non-overlapping fields per culture well with each condition represented by 3 separate wells. The number of viable cells counts per well for vehicle-treated control conditions ranged from 100-200. All experiments are repeated in at least 3 independent culture preparations. Raw cell count data are statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA, followed by between group comparisons using the Fisher LSD test (significance indicated by P < 0.05). Cell viability is presented graphically as a percentage of live cells in the vehicle-treated control condition.

References

[4] Nguyen TV, et al. J Neuroendocrinol, 2010, 22(9), 1013-1022.

+ Expand

Selleck's Apoptosis Activator 2 has been cited by 5 publications

ARNTL2 upregulation of ACOT7 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation through inhibition of apoptosis and ferroptosis [ BMC Mol Cell Biol, 2023, 24(1):14]	PubMed: 37003979
Melatonin Alleviates Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis of Granulosa Cells by Reducing ROS and Activating MTNR1B-PKA-Caspase8/9 Pathway [ Antioxidants (Basel), 2021, 10(2)184]	PubMed: 33525391
The Crosstalk between Autophagy and Apoptosis Is Necessary for Myogenic Differentiation [ J Agric Food Chem, 2021, 69(13):3942-3951]	PubMed: 33755473
Berberine-induced TFEB deacetylation by SIRT1 promotes autophagy in peritoneal macrophages [ Aging (Albany NY), 2021, 13(5):7096-7119]	PubMed: 33639613
Upregulation of caspase-3 by High Glucose in Chondrocyte Involves the Cytoskeleton Aggregation [ Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2020, 24(11):5925-5932]	PubMed: 32572905

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
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