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Technical Data
| Formula | C9H10N2O3 |
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| Molecular Weight | 194.19 | CAS No. | 61-78-9 | |
| Solubility (25°C)* | In vitro | DMSO | 39 mg/mL (200.83 mM) | |
| Water | 3 mg/mL (15.44 mM) | |||
| Ethanol | 2 mg/mL (10.29 mM) | |||
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* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.) |
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Biological Activity
| Description | 4-Aminohippuric acid is a typical substrate of organic anion transport systems. |
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| In vitro | 4-Aminohippuric acid is transported via organic anion transporters (OAT) expressed on epithelial cells. OAT1 expressed on Xenopus laevisoocytes mediated sodium-independent 4-Aminohippuric acid uptake with Km of 14.3 μM. [1] 4-Aminohippuric acid is also found to be transported by transporters other than OAT, which includes NPT1 and MRP2. 4-Aminohippuric acid uptake via NPT1 which is transfected and expressed on HEK293 cell, is saturable and followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics with a Km of nearly 2.66 mM and a Vmax value of 940 pmol/mg protein/30 s. [2] Transport rates of 10 mM 4-Aminohippuric acid are 21.9 pmol/ mg protein/ min with membrane vesicles from MRP2 expressed HEK293 cells. This Km for 4-Aminohippuric acid is 880 mM and a Vmax value is 2.3 nmol/mg protein/ min. [3] |
| In vivo | 4-Aminohippuric acid is an endogenous end product which then extracted by kidney cortical cells form plasma. Kinetics of 4-Aminohippuric acid uptake into cortical tubular cells has been measured by stopped flow capillary perfusion methods in rat kidney. A Km for 4-Aminohippuric acid of 0.08 mM and a Jmax of 1.1 pmol/ s/ cm proximal tubular length is determinated. Assuming equal concentrations at equilibrium, a ratio (r) of extracellular space: intracellular space is calculated to be 0.93. [4] The renal extraction ratio of 4-Aminohippuric acid in a normal individual is approximately 0.92. After extraction, most of 4-Aminohippuric acid is actively secreted primarily by the proximal tubules and exclusively eliminated through the kidneys. The 4-Aminohippuric acid clearance is a measure of renal plasma flow, as more than 90% of 4-Aminohippuric acid is extracted by the kidneys from the plasma in a single pass. 4-Aminohippuric acid is also used to measure the functional capacity of the renal tubular secretory mechanism or transport maximum (TmPAH). In rat model of renal failure, tail vein injection of 3.0 mg/kg Uranyl nitrate induced a significant reduced CLPAH (0.89 mL/min/kg) compared with normal rat (29.30 mL/min/kg). [5] Rats with chronic renal failure (CRF) displayed altered pharmacokinetics and renal excretion of 4-Aminohippuric acid. The excreted, filtered and secreted loads of 4-Aminohippuric acid in CRF rats are diminished as compared with Sham rats (μL/min/g, 145 vs. 100, 39 vs. 20, and 108 vs. 70, respectively), accompanied by decrement of approximately 40% OAT1 expression in both homogenates and membranes. [6] Thus, renal elimination of 4-Aminohippuric acid is often measured to reflect the organic anions transport capability of kidney. |
| Features | Commonly used diagnostic agent to measure renal plasma flow & excretory capacity. Also as a substrate to investigate transport characteristics of organic anions. |
Protocol (from reference)
References
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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.
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