Lixumistat (IM156)

Catalog No.S9604 Batch:S960401

Technical Data

Formula	C₁₃H₁₆F₃N₅O
Molecular Weight	315.29	CAS No.	1422365-93-2
Solubility (25°C)*	In vitro	DMSO	63 mg/mL (199.81 mM)
		Ethanol	20 mg/mL (63.43 mM)
		Water	Insoluble
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Preparing Stock Solutions

Biological Activity

Description

Lixumistat (IM156), a metformin derivative, is a potent activator of AMPK that increases AMPK phosphorylation. IM156 blocks oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) through the inhibition of complex I and increases apoptosis. IM156 ameliorates various types of fibrosis and inhibits tumors.

Targets

AMPK ^[1]

OXPHOS ^[2]

In vitro

IM156 (HL156A) treatment of RPMCs inhibits HG-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, IM156 (HL156A) ameliorates HG-induced transforming growth factor-β1, Smad3, Snail, and fibronectin expression in the RPMCs via AMPK upregulation.^[3] IM156 treatment decreases complex I-dependent NADH oxidation in a significant, dose-dependent manner.^[2]

In vivo

In vivo treatment of IM156 exacerbated the memory differentiation of virus-specific CD8+ T cells results in an increase in short-lived effector cells but decrease in memory precursor effector cells. Thus, IM156 treatment impaires the function of virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells, indicating that excessive AMPK activation weakens memory T cell differentiation, thereby suppressing recall immune responses.^[1]

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:^{^[3]}	Cell lines Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs) Concentrations 10 μM, 30 μM, 50 μM Incubation Time 24 h Method RPMCs are seeded at a density of 1 × 10⁵ cells/well on a six-well plate. RPMCs are grown to 70% confluence and serum-starved under NG conditions for 24 h. The specific AMPKα1 small interfering (si)RNA, AMPKα2 siRNA, or control siRNA are transfected into the cells using a siRNA transfection reagent according to the manufacturer’s procedure. AMPKα1 siRNA, AMPKα2 siRNA, or control siRNA are incubated at final concentration of 20 μM using siRNA dilution buffer for 30 min at RT. The cells are washed twice with 2 ml of siRNA transfection medium, and 0.8 ml siRNA transfection medium and 200 μl siRNA transfection reagent complex are added to the well, covering the entire layer. The contents of the plate are gently mixed by swirling to ensure that the entire cell layer is immersed in the solution. Then, the cells are incubated for 5 h at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. After that, 1 ml of normal growth medium is added. Next, the cells are incubated for an additional 24 h. Then, the media are replaced with fresh completed media and treated with NG or HG in the presence or absence of IM156 (HL156A) for 24 h.
Animal Study:^{^[1]}	Animal Models 5 to 6-wk-old female C57BL/6 mice Dosages 5 mg/kg Administration IP

Cell Assay:^{^[3]}

Cell lines
Rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (RPMCs)
Concentrations
10 μM, 30 μM, 50 μM
Incubation Time
24 h
Method
RPMCs are seeded at a density of 1 × 10⁵ cells/well on a six-well plate. RPMCs are grown to 70% confluence and serum-starved under NG conditions for 24 h. The specific AMPKα1 small interfering (si)RNA, AMPKα2 siRNA, or control siRNA are transfected into the cells using a siRNA transfection reagent according to the manufacturer’s procedure. AMPKα1 siRNA, AMPKα2 siRNA, or control siRNA are incubated at final concentration of 20 μM using siRNA dilution buffer for 30 min at RT. The cells are washed twice with 2 ml of siRNA transfection medium, and 0.8 ml siRNA transfection medium and 200 μl siRNA transfection reagent complex are added to the well, covering the entire layer. The contents of the plate are gently mixed by swirling to ensure that the entire cell layer is immersed in the solution. Then, the cells are incubated for 5 h at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. After that, 1 ml of normal growth medium is added. Next, the cells are incubated for an additional 24 h. Then, the media are replaced with fresh completed media and treated with NG or HG in the presence or absence of IM156 (HL156A) for 24 h.

Animal Study:^{^[1]}

Animal Models
5 to 6-wk-old female C57BL/6 mice
Dosages
5 mg/kg
Administration
IP

References

RETURN POLICY
Selleck Chemical’s Unconditional Return Policy ensures a smooth online shopping experience for our customers. If you are in any way unsatisfied with your purchase, you may return any item(s) within 7 days of receiving it. In the event of product quality issues, either protocol related or product related problems, you may return any item(s) within 365 days from the original purchase date. Please follow the instructions below when returning products.

SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

NOT FOR HUMAN, VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE.