Cyanidin Chloride

Catalog No.S4916

Technical Data

Formula	C₁₅H₁₁O₆.Cl
Molecular Weight	322.7	CAS No.	528-58-5
Solubility (25°C)*	In vitro


* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble. * Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations. * Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

Biological Activity

Description	Cyanidin Chloride, a natural flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables, is an agonistic ligand for liver X receptor alpha and beta with EC50 of 3.5 μM and 125.2 μM, respectively.
In vitro	Cyanidin, a natural flavonoid abundant in fruits and vegetables, is known to regulate cellular lipid metabolism. Cyanidin induces the transactivation of Liver X receptors (LXRs) and binds directly to the ligand-binding domain of both LXRα and LXRβ with dissociation constants (K_D) of 2.2 and 73.2 μM, respectively. Cell-free fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) analysis demonstrates that cyanidin induces the recruitment of co-activator peptide for LXRa and LXRb with EC50 of 3.5 μM and 125.2 μM, respectively. Cyanidin reduces intracellular cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in both THP-1-derived macrophages and HepG2 cells. In addition, Cyanidin-3-glucoside, a glucoside derivative of cyanidin, is found to be a inhibitor of Fyn kinase, which inhibits Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide (B[a]PDE)-induced activation of AP-1 and NF-kB and attenuates the phosphorylation of MEK, MKK4, Akt, and MAPKs in JB6 P+ mouse epidermal cells.
In vivo	Male C57BL/6J obese mice feed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks and genetically diabetic db/db mice at an age of 6 weeks receive dietary cyanidin-3-glucoside supplementation (0.2%) for 5 weeks. It shows that dietary cyanidin-3-glucoside lowers fasting glucose levels and markedly improves the insulin sensitivity in both high-fat diet fed and db/db mice .

Protocol (from reference)

Kinase Assay:^{^[1]}	TR-FRET co-activator assay Increasing concentrations of cyanidin are added to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of LXR proteins and the co-activator peptides: fluorescein-TRAP220/DRIP-2 for LXR&alpha and fluorescein-D22 for LXR&beta with DMSO (1%) used as a vehicle. After 2 h incubation at room temperature, the 520/495 TR-FRET ratio is measured using a Spectra Max instrument with TRF laser excitation. Binding curves are generated by plotting the emission ratio vs. the log[cyanidin].
Cell Assay:^{^[1]}	Cell lines THP-1-derived macrophages and HepG2 cells Concentrations 5, 10, 50, or 100 μM Incubation Time 24 h Method THP-1-derived macrophages or HepG2 cells are incubated with free fatty acids (palmitic acid and oleic acid) for 24 h. Then, both cells are treated with cyanidin (5, 10, 50, or 100 μM) for a further 24 h with DMSO (1%) as vehicle. Lipid extraction, intracellular total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations are quantified using a Cobas C111 automatic analyzer.

Kinase Assay:^{^[1]}

TR-FRET co-activator assay
Increasing concentrations of cyanidin are added to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of LXR proteins and the co-activator peptides: fluorescein-TRAP220/DRIP-2 for LXR&alpha and fluorescein-D22 for LXR&beta with DMSO (1%) used as a vehicle. After 2 h incubation at room temperature, the 520/495 TR-FRET ratio is measured using a Spectra Max instrument with TRF laser excitation. Binding curves are generated by plotting the emission ratio vs. the log[cyanidin].

Cell Assay:^{^[1]}

Cell lines
THP-1-derived macrophages and HepG2 cells
Concentrations
5, 10, 50, or 100 μM
Incubation Time
24 h
Method
THP-1-derived macrophages or HepG2 cells are incubated with free fatty acids (palmitic acid and oleic acid) for 24 h. Then, both cells are treated with cyanidin (5, 10, 50, or 100 μM) for a further 24 h with DMSO (1%) as vehicle. Lipid extraction, intracellular total cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations are quantified using a Cobas C111 automatic analyzer.

References

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23769638/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21501596/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21543211/

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