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Biological Description
| Specificity | Anti-S100A9 + Calprotectin (S100A8/A9 complex) Mouse Antibody [P14P6] detects endogenous levels of total S100A9 + Calprotectin (S100A8/A9 complex) protein. |
|---|---|
| Background | S100A9 + Calprotectin (S100A8/A9 complex) also known as myeloid-related proteins MRP8/MRP14, is a Ca²⁺-binding heterodimeric complex composed of S100A8 and S100A9, both members of the S100 protein family. Predominantly expressed in neutrophils, monocytes, and other immune cells, its expression is induced under inflammatory and stress conditions. Structurally, each subunit contains two EF-hand Ca²⁺-binding domains (low-affinity N-terminal and high-affinity C-terminal) connected by a hinge region, forming stable heterodimers or functional tetramers. Functionally, S100A8/A9 plays diverse roles in innate immunity and inflammation by regulating leukocyte chemotaxis, phagocyte migration, microtubule polymerization, reactive oxygen species production, and cytokine release. It also binds to receptors such as TLR4 and RAGE, activating downstream signaling pathways like MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and mTOR. In cancer, S100A8/A9 modulates tumor growth, metastasis, apoptosis, drug resistance, and prognosis, making it a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. |
Usage Information
| Application | IHC | Dilution |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reactivity | Human | ||||
| Source | Mouse | MW | |||
| Storage Buffer | PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN3 | Storage (from the date of receipt) |
-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years | ||
| IHC |
Experimental Protocol：
Deparaffinization/Rehydration
1. Deparaffinize/hydrate sections:
2. Incubate sections in three washes of xylene for 5 min each.
3. Incubate sections in two washes of 100% ethanol for 10 min each.
4. Incubate sections in two washes of 95% ethanol for 10 min each.
5. Wash sections two times in dH2O for 5 min each.
6.Antigen retrieval: For Citrate: Heat slides in a microwave submersed in 1X citrate unmasking solution until boiling is initiated; continue with 10 min at a sub-boiling temperature (95°-98°C). Cool slides on bench top for 30 min.
Staining
1. Wash sections in dH2O three times for 5 min each.
2. Incubate sections in 3% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min.
3. Wash sections in dH2O two times for 5 min each.
4. Wash sections in wash buffer for 5 min.
5. Block each section with 100–400 µl of blocking solution for 1 hr at room temperature.
6. Remove blocking solution and add 100–400 µl primary antibody diluent in to each section. Incubate overnight at 4°C.
7. Remove antibody solution and wash sections with wash buffer three times for 5 min each.
8. Cover section with 1–3 drops HRPas needed. Incubate in a humidified chamber for 30 min at room temperature.
9. Wash sections three times with wash buffer for 5 min each.
10. Add DAB Chromogen Concentrate to DAB Diluent and mix well before use.
11. Apply 100–400 µl DAB to each section and monitor closely. 1–10 min generally provides an acceptable staining intensity.
12. Immerse slides in dH2O.
13. If desired, counterstain sections with hematoxylin.
14. Wash sections in dH2O two times for 5 min each.
15. Dehydrate sections: Incubate sections in 95% ethanol two times for 10 sec each; Repeat in 100% ethanol, incubating sections two times for 10 sec each; Repeat in xylene, incubating sections two times for 10 sec each.
16. Mount sections with coverslips and mounting medium.
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References
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Application Data
IHC
Validated by Selleck
-
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded human tonsils tissue with F1711 at 1:1000 dilution.
IHC
Validated by Selleck
-
Immunohistochemical analysis of formalin fixed paraffin embedded human tonsils tissue with F1711 at 1:1000 dilution.