AR-42

Catalog No.S2244 Batch:S224401

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Technical Data

Formula

C18H20N2O3
Molecular Weight 312.36 CAS No. 935881-37-1
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro DMSO 63 mg/mL (201.69 mM)
Ethanol 63 mg/mL (201.69 mM)
Water Insoluble
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description AR-42 (HDAC-42) is an HDAC inhibitor with IC50 of 30 nM. Phase 1.
Targets
HDAC [1]
(Cell-free assay)
30 nM
In vitro AR-42 treatment induces histone hyperacetylation and p21WAF/CIP1 overexpression, and inhibits the growth of DU-145 cells with IC50 of 0.11 μM. [1] HDAC42 is potent in suppressing the proliferation of U87MG and PC-3 cells, in part, because of its ability to down-regulate Akt signaling. [2] AR-42 inhibits the growth of PC-3 and LNCaP cells with IC50 of 0.48 μM and 0.3 μM, respectively. Compared to SAHA, AR-42 exhibits distinctly superior apoptogenic potency, and causes markedly greater decreases in phospho-Akt, Bcl-xL, and survivin in PC-3 cells. [3] AR-42 treatment induces growth inhibition, cell- cycle arrest, apoptosis, and activation of caspases-3/7 in malignant mast cell lines. AR-42 treatment induces down-regulation of Kit via inhibition of Kit transcription, disassociation between Kit and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), and up-regulation of HSP70. AR-42 treatment down-regulates the expression of p-Akt, total Akt, phosphorylated STAT3/5 (pSTAT3/5), and total STAT3/5. [6] AR-42 potently inhibits the growth of JeKo-1, Raji, and 697 cells with IC50 of <0.61 μM. AR-42 also sensitizes CLL cells to TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL), potentially through reduction of c-FLIP. [7] AR-42 treatment also induces autophagy through downregulation of Akt/mTOR signaling and inducing ER stress in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. [8]
In vivo The growth of PC-3 tumor xenografts is suppressed by 52% and 67% after treatment with AR-42 at 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively, whereas SAHA at 50 mg/kg suppresses growth by 31%. In contrast to mice treated with SAHA, intratumoral levels of phospho-Akt and Bcl-xL are markedly reduced in AR-42 treated mice. [3] In the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model, administration of AR-42 not only decreases the severity of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and completely prevents its progression to poorly differentiated carcinoma, but also shifts tumorigenesis to a more differentiated phenotype, suppressing absolute and relative urogenital tract weights by 86% and 85%, respectively. [5] AR-42 significantly reduces leukocyte counts, and prolongs survival in three separate mouse models of B-cell malignancy without evidence of toxicity. [7]
Features Greater potency relative to SAHA.

Protocol (from reference)

Kinase Assay:

[1]
  • In vitro HDAC assay

    HDAC activity is analyzed by using an HDAC assay kit. This assay is based on the ability of DU-145 nuclear extract, which is rich in HDAC activity, to mediate the deacetylation of the biotinylated [3H]-acetyl histone H4 peptide that is bound to streptavidin agarose beads. The release of [3H]-acetate into the supernatant is measured to calculate the HDAC activity. Sodium butyrate (0.25-1 mM) is used as a positive control.
Cell Assay:

[1]
  • Cell lines

    DU-145

  • Concentrations

    Dissolved in DMSO, final concentrations ~2.5 μM

  • Incubation Time

    96 hours

  • Method

    Cells are exposed to varous concentrations of AR-42 for 96 hours. The medium is removed and replaced by 150 μL of 0.5 mg/mL of MTT in RPMI 1640 medium, and the cells are incubated in the CO2 incubator at 37 °C for 2 hours. Supernatants are removed from the wells, and the reduced MTT dye is solubilized with 200 μL/well of DMSO. Absorbance is determined on a plate reader at 570 nm.
Animal Study:

[3]
  • Animal Models

    Intact male NCr athymic nude mice inoculated s.c. with PC-3 cells

  • Dosages

    ~50 mg/kg/day

  • Administration

    Orally

Customer Product Validation

Data from [Data independently produced by Sci Transl Med, 2014, 6(256), 256ra135]

Data from [Data independently produced by Leuk Res, 2014, 8(11), 1320-6]

, , J Cell Physiol, 2017, 233(1):559-571

Data from [Data independently produced by , , Oncotarget, 2016, 7(16):22285-94.]

Selleck's AR-42 has been cited by 28 publications

Peripheral blood DNA methylation and neuroanatomical responses to HDACi treatment that rescues neurological deficits in a Kabuki syndrome mouse model [ Clin Epigenetics, 2023, 10.1186/s13148-023-01582-x] PubMed: 37884963
Peripheral blood DNA methylation and neuroanatomical responses to HDACi treatment that rescues neurological deficits in a Kabuki syndrome mouse model [ Clin Epigenetics, 2023, 15(1):172] PubMed: 37884963
Utilizing an Endogenous Progesterone Receptor Reporter Gene for Drug Screening and Mechanistic Study in Endometrial Cancer [ Cancers (Basel), 2022, 14(19)4883] PubMed: 36230806
The histone H3-lysine 4-methyltransferase Mll4 regulates the development of growth hormone-releasing hormone-producing neurons in the mouse hypothalamus [ Nat Commun, 2021, 12(1):256] PubMed: 33431871
KMT2D Deficiency Impairs Super-Enhancers to Confer a Glycolytic Vulnerability in Lung Cancer. [ Cancer Cell, 2020, 13;37(4):599-617 e7] PubMed: 32243837
A library of aminoglycoside-derived lipopolymer nanoparticles for delivery of small molecules and nucleic acids [ J Mater Chem B, 2020, 8(37):8558-8572] PubMed: 32830211
Identification of Combinations of Protein Kinase C Activators and Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors That Potently Reactivate Latent HIV [ Viruses, 2020, 3;12(6):E609] PubMed: 32503121
Heme oxygenase-1 reduces the sensitivity to imatinib through nonselective activation of histone deacetylases in chronic myeloid leukemia [Wei D, et al. J Cell Physiol, 2019, 234(4):5252-5263] PubMed: 30256411
Functional analysis of RPS27 mutations and expression in melanoma. [ Pigment Cell Melanoma Res, 2019, 10.1111/pcmr.12841] PubMed: 31663663
Structural Basis of Catalysis and Inhibition of HDAC6 CD1, the Enigmatic Catalytic Domain of Histone Deacetylase 6 [ Biochemistry, 2019, 58(49):4912-4924] PubMed: 31755702

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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