2-DG (2-Deoxy-D-glucose)

Catalog No.S4701 Batch:S470111

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Technical Data

Formula

C6H12O5
Molecular Weight 164.16 CAS No. 154-17-6
Solubility (25°C)* In vitro DMSO 33 mg/mL (201.02 mM)
Water 33 mg/mL (201.02 mM)
Ethanol 8 mg/mL (48.73 mM)
* <1 mg/ml means slightly soluble or insoluble.
* Please note that Selleck tests the solubility of all compounds in-house, and the actual solubility may differ slightly from published values. This is normal and is due to slight batch-to-batch variations.
* Room temperature shipping (Stability testing shows this product can be shipped without any cooling measures.)

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Biological Activity

Description 2-DG (2-Deoxy-D-glucose), an analog of glucose, is a glycolytic inhibitor with antiviral activity. 2-Deoxy-D-glucose induces apoptosis and inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus type-1 (HSV-1) receptor expression.
Targets
glycolysis [1]
In vitro 2-Deoxy-D-glucose(2-DG) activates AKT function through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and is independent of glycolysis or mTOR inhibition. 2-DG treatments disrupts the binding between insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) so that the free form of IGF-1 could be released from the IGF-1·IGFBP3 complex to activate IGF-1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling. 2-DG-induced activation of many survival pathways can be jointly attenuated through IGF1R inhibition. 2-DG also induces time- and dose-dependent ERK phosphorylation[1]. 2-DG is readily transported into cells and is phosphorylated by hexokinase, but cannot be metabolized further and accumulates in the cell. This leads to ATP depletion and the induction of cell-death[2]. 2DG significantly suppresses proliferation, causes apoptosis and reduces migration of murine endothelial cells, inhibiting formation of lamellipodia and filopodia and causing disorganization of F-actin filaments in murine endothelial cell[5].
In vivo Treatment of cancer patients with relatively high doses of 2-DG (greater than 200 mg/kg) was largely ineffective in managing tumor growth. Side effects of 2-DG included elevated blood glucose levels, progressive weight loss with lethargy, and behavioral symptoms of hypoglycemia[2]. 2-DG enhances isoflurane-induced loss of righting reflex in mice. By reducing metabolism, 2-DG treatment can decrease body temperature in rodent, enhancing sensitivity to anesthetics[3]. 2-DG diet significantly increased serum ketone body level and brain expression of enzymes required for ketone body metabolism. The 2-DG-induced maintenance of mitochondrial bioenergetics was paralleled by simultaneous reduction in oxidative stress. Further, 2-DG treated mice exhibited a significant reduction of both amyloid precursor protein (APP) and amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers, which was paralleled by significantly increased α-secretase and decreased γ-secretase expression, indicating that 2-DG induced a shift towards a non-amyloidogenic pathway. 2-DG increased expression of genes involved in Aβ clearance pathways, degradation, sequestering, and transport. Concomitant with increased bioenergetic capacity and reduced β-amyloid burden, 2-DG significantly increased expression of neurotrophic growth factors, BDNF and NGF, thus reduces pathology in female mouse model of Alzheimer's disease[4].

Protocol (from reference)

Cell Assay:

[1]
  • Cell lines

    H460 or H157 cells

  • Concentrations

    5 mM

  • Incubation Time

    48 h

  • Method

    2×103 H460 or H157 cells are seeded in 96-well cell culture plates. Cells are treated with 5 mM 2-DG only, 5 or 10 μM IGF1R inhibitor II only, or a combination of 2-DG and IGF1R inhibitor II. Cell growth inhibition is determined after 48 h by the CellTiter 96® AQueous nonradioactive cell proliferation assay.
Animal Study:

[3]
  • Animal Models

    Adult C57BL/6J mice

  • Dosages

    1000 mg/kg

  • Administration

    i.p.

Customer Product Validation

Data from [Data independently produced by , , Int J Oncol, 2018, 52(6):1899-1911]

Selleck's 2-DG (2-Deoxy-D-glucose) has been cited by 62 publications

Tumor-derived Exosomal ENO2 Modulates Polarization of Tumor-associated Macrophages through Reprogramming Glycolysis to Promote Progression of Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma [ Int J Biol Sci, 2024, 20(3):848-863] PubMed: 38250157
Enhanced glycolysis-mediated energy production in alveolar stem cells is required for alveolar regeneration [ Cell Stem Cell, 2023, 30(8):1028-1042.e7] PubMed: 37541209
PD-1 instructs a tumor-suppressive metabolic program that restricts glycolysis and restrains AP-1 activity in T cell lymphoma [ Nat Cancer, 2023, 4(10):1508-1525] PubMed: 37723306
Xanthine dehydrogenase rewires metabolism and the survival of nutrient deprived lung adenocarcinoma cells by facilitating UPR and autophagic degradation [ Int J Biol Sci, 2023, 19(3):772-788] PubMed: 36778128
Targeting Aurora-A inhibits tumor progression and sensitizes thyroid carcinoma to Sorafenib by decreasing PFKFB3-mediated glycolysis [ Cell Death Dis, 2023, 14(3):224] PubMed: 36990998
Allosterically inhibited PFKL via prostaglandin E2 withholds glucose metabolism and ovarian cancer invasiveness [ Cell Rep, 2023, 42(10):113246] PubMed: 37831605
Targeting mitochondrial energetics reverses panobinostat- and marizomib-induced resistance in pediatric and adult high-grade gliomas [ Mol Oncol, 2023, 17(9):1821-1843] PubMed: 37014128
PDK4 rescues high-glucose-induced senescent fibroblasts and promotes diabetic wound healing through enhancing glycolysis and regulating YAP and JNK pathway [ Cell Death Discov, 2023, 9(1):424] PubMed: 38001078
Targeting mitochondrial energetics reverses panobinostat- and marizomib-induced resistance in pediatric and adult high-grade gliomas [ Mol Oncol, 2023, 17(9):1821-1843] PubMed: 37014128
Metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts in pancreatic cancer contributes to the intratumor heterogeneity of PET-CT [ Comput Struct Biotechnol J, 2023, 21:2631-2639] PubMed: 37153537

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SHIPPING AND STORAGE
Selleck products are transported at room temperature. If you receive the product at room temperature, please rest assured, the Selleck Quality Inspection Department has conducted experiments to verify that the normal temperature placement of one month will not affect the biological activity of powder products. After collecting, please store the product according to the requirements described in the datasheet. Most Selleck products are stable under the recommended conditions.

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