DNA Damange
May 20 2013
Rucaparib also reduces the migration of some cancer and normal cells in culture.It can be taken orally in tablet form.
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Sep 27 2012
DEREGULATION OF PARP CASCADE:
In humans, Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase or PARP enzymes are encoded by PARP gene and regulate some crucial processes in the cells for example programmed cell death or the DNA repair system. They play their role in DNA repair process by repairing the ssDNA or single stranded DNA breaks on DNA. The interaction of BRCA1 and BRCA2 with them is very well documented which links the deregulation of PARP with ovarian and breast cancer because many of these types of cancers are associated with the mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. For this reason, the inhibition of PARP is found to be an attractive therapeutic approach due to the specificity and effectiveness of PARP specific inhibitors against the cancers caused by BRCA genes. An inhibitor having specificity for PARP exhibits good results due to high sensitivity of cancer cells against PARP inhibiting drugs leaving the healthy cells unaffected. Hence the PARP inhibition mechanism has made them an attractive and better choice as compared to the conventional therapies affecting all the healthy cells as well.
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Sep 09 2012
DEREGULATION OF PARP CASCADE AND ITS APPLICATIONS:
Poly ADP-ribose polymerases or PARP are the translated product of PARP genes located in human genome. These proteins play some of the vital roles in the cell such as apoptosis and DNA repair mechanism. The repair mechanism of DNA is specific for the single stranded DNA (ss DNA) breaks. A reasonable work has been reported about the interaction of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and this knowledge leads to the understanding of PARP deregulation causes or links with ovarian and breast cancer as different research reports concluded the mutations of these two genes are present in these cancers. Due to these reasons the PARP inhibition mechanism has become an efficient therapeutic tool for cancer treatment [1]. The specific PARP inhibitors may have efficient results against tumors and cancers with BRCAness. The beauty of these PARP inhibitors is that the normal cells are not affected where tumors cells are only targeted. Mechanism of PARP inhibitor tells about the efficacy of these inhibitors in treatment of cancers and because of their efficient actions the old therapies are becoming less popular as they affect the normal cells as well.
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Jul 23 2012
PARP INHIBITOR AND ITS APPLICATIONS:
Poly ADP-ribose polymerases or PARP are translated by the PARP genes which are a part of human genome. PARP are vital proteins for some of the most important functions such as DNA repair mechanism and apoptosis. There are many reports of research in which a close relation of PARP inhibition is noted with BRCA1 and BRCA2 which are associated with onset of ovarian and breast cancer. Based on these research reports PARP inhibition has become a novel tool for the treatment of different types of cancers and tumors. PARP inhibitors have shown efficient results against BRCA genes. PARP protein inhibitor has unique property of not affecting normal cell; therefore these inhibitors are specific for cancer cells. The choice for cancer treatment with least side effects is becoming famous due to PARP inhibitors which are potent anti cancer agents.
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Jul 15 2012
USES OF PARP INHIBITOR AND DOWNREGULATION OF PARP CASCADE
Human genome consists of different genes one of which is PARP gene which translates to produce PARP or Poly ADP-ribose polymerases. Important functions of cells like programmed cell death and mechanism of DNA repair is being controlled by these proteins. Breaks in single strand of DNA are specifically repaired by these proteins. Since BRCA1 and BRCA2 are involved in breast and ovarian cancer onset their associations with PARP inhibition have been reported in a number of researches. Because of these details inhibition of PARP has become a vital tool for therapy of various cancers [1]. Against these BRCA genes inhibitors of PARP have shown effective results. PARP inhibitors specifically targets only the cancer cells not normal cells which is their edge point. Conventional therapies have become less famous because mode of action of PARP inhibitor has shown that it is very good against different cancers.
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Jul 08 2012
DEREGULATION OF PARP CASCADE AND ITS APPLICATIONS:
Poly ADP-ribose polymerases or PARP are the translated product of PARP genes located in human genome. These proteins play some of the vital roles in the cell such as apoptosis and DNA repair mechanism. The repair mechanism of DNA is specific for the single stranded DNA (ss DNA) breaks. A reasonable work has been reported about the interaction of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and this knowledge leads to the understanding of PARP deregulation causes or links with ovarian and breast cancer as different research reports concluded the mutations of these two genes are present in these cancers. Due to these reasons the PARP inhibition mechanism has become an efficient therapeutic tool for cancer treatment. The specific PARP inhibitors may have efficient results against tumors and cancers with BRCAness. The beauty of these PARP inhibitors is that the normal cells are not affected where tumors cells are only targeted. Mechanism of PARP inhibitor tells about the efficacy of these inhibitors in treatment of cancers and because of their efficient actions the old therapies are becoming less popular as they affect the normal cells as well.
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Jun 24 2012
PARP CASCADE DEREGULATION AND ITS IMPLICATION:
PARP are Poly ADP-ribose polymerases and translated by PARP genes present in human genome. These proteins are important for the regulation of critical processes such as DNA repair mechanism and programmed cell death. The DNA repair mechanism based on these enzymes is specific for ssDNA (single stranded DNA) breaks. A sufficient data is available on the BRCA1 and BRCA2 interaction which leads to the concept of PARP deregulation link with breast and ovarian cancer because many cases of these cancers reported about the mutations present in these two genes. Because of this reason PARP inhibition mechanism has proved as an effective therapeutic tool [1] where inhibitors specific for PARP may have effective results against cancers and tumors with BRCAness. PARP inhibitors are mostly specific as the tumor cells are targeted by these molecules therefore the normal cells remain un-affected. The mechanism of PARP inhibitor is so effective against cancer and due to this reason conventional therapies are becoming less useable due to their effects on healthy cells as well.
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Mar 19 2012
Introduction: PARP Inhibition
Signaling activities within the cell are conducted along set pathways of protein – protein interactions. Depending on the cell status and the ligands triggering the signaling cascade to what function is carried out in the nucleus. A protein located in the nucleus has been established to be the principle regulator of the apoptosis and repair functions of certain DNA damage. This protein is called “Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase” or it is abbreviated to “PARP”. The PARP family of proteins is extensive with 17 members currently known and the range of effects of PARP activity is large. The general structure of the PARP series of proteins contains four different types of binding domains which dictate the activity, one of the domains is referred to as the catalytic domain contains an amino acid sequence that is identical between all the members of the protein family. The mechanism of action of PARP proteins is to add a series of ADP ribose molecules to the protein ligands, the number and site of this addition controls the response of the affected protein.
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Mar 18 2012
The MAPK pathways
In ever cells life span there are circumstances when the cell is placed in a stressful situation, such toxic shock, injury to the surrounding tissue or old age. In such circumstances the cells must react either to die or to live and grow. The regulation of this process is the responsibility of the “Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)”. The MAP kinases are involved in a broad spectrum of processes covering proliferation (mitosis), apoptosis, cell migration/motility and gene expression. The MAP kinases are located in the cell membrane and on receipt of an external extracellular signal any one of three pathways can be stimulated, these are the ERK, JNK or the P38MAPK pathways.
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Mar 13 2012
Introduction: PARP Inhibition
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is an enzyme located in the cell nucleus that regulates apoptosis and controls repair of minor damaged DNA strands. Since DNA mutations are a common function of many clinical diseases PARP is a significant target for chemotherapeutic action. With 17 known members of the PARP family the mechanism of action for PARP’s activity is important to understand. The PARP protein consists of 4 important area’s; the Zinc figures where DNA repair takes place, a caspase cleavage function, a catalytic domain and a modification domain. Chemotherapeutic action is considered to be via the caspase domain or via the DNA repair domain. Inhibiting the repair of DNA strands triggers the automatic functions of cell death. Inhibitors for PARP have been developed and tested pre-clinically demonstrating the effectiveness of this approach.
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